Numerals. (1 – dars)

Numerals. (1 – dars)

1 – one

2 – two

3 – there

4 – four

5 – five

6 – six

7 – seven

8 – eight

9 – nine

10 – ten

11 – eleven

12 – twelve

13 – therteen

14 – 19 teen

20 – twenty

21 – twenty one

30 – thirty

31 – thirty one

40 – fourty

50 – fifty

60 – sixty

70 – seventy

80 – eighty

90 – ninety

100 – hundred

101 – hundred and one

110 – ten hundred

1000 – thousand

100 000 – million

billion – miliard

__________________

__________________

__________________.

Tartib sonlar

birinchi – first

ikkinchi – second

uchinchi – third

to'rtinchi – four +th=fourth

beshinchi – five+th= fifth

oltinchi – six+th

yettinchi – seventh

sakkizinchi – eightth

to'qqizinchi – nineth

o'ninchi – tenth

11 inchi – eleventh

22 inchi – twenty second

33 inchi – thirty third

____________________________________________

• 
  Sana yozishda son ketidan tepasiga tartib sonning oxirgi ikki harfi yoziladi:
  

Today is the 4^th of april; 2^nd ; 3^rd…

• 
  butun son aytishda “point” so’zidan foydalaniladi:
  

3,15 – three point fifteen.

• 
  Sonlar ustida amallar:
  

plus – qo’shuv; minus – ayiruv ; multiply – ko’paytiruv;

5 + 3 = 8

five plus three is (yoki “equal to”) eight

Colours

white – oq

black – qora

yellov – sariq

orange – to'q sariq

red – qizil

blue – moviy

green – yashil

brown – jigarrang

violet – siyohrang

purple – to'q qizil

dark¹ blue – to'q ko'k

grey – kulrang

pink – pushti

___________________

___________________

___________________

___________________

___________________.

Questions.

What's your name? / Sening isming kim?

I am _____; My name is _______. / Mening ismim_______.
Where were you born?/ Qayerda tug'ilgansiz?

I was born in Gurlen. / Men Gurlanda tug'ilganman.

Where are you come² from? /

I'm from Uzbekistan. /

dark¹ – bu so'z orttirish(to'q)ni bildiradi (ruschadagi tyomniy sinniy bn o'xshash)

come² – bu so'z bu yerda tushirib qoldirilsa ham gapning ma'nosi o'zgarmaydi.

How old are you? / Necha yoshdasiz?

I am ___yers old. / Men ___ yoshdaman.
When were you born? / Nechanchi yil tug’ilgansiz?

I was born in 1995 / Men 1995 – yil tug’ildim.

What do you do?

I'm a student³

What's your job? / Kasbingiz nima?

I am __________. / Men _________ man.

Jobs

(ishlar)

an actor – aktyor

a writer – yozuvchi

a pilot – uchuvchi

a miner – shaxtyor

a worker – ishchi

a tailor – tikuvchi

a butcher – qassob

a librarian – kutubxonachi

a soldier – askar

a hairdresser – sartarrosh

a look – oshpaz

a lawyer – huquqshunos

a secretary – kotiba

a shop assistance – do'kon sotuvchisi

a historian – tarixchi

a scientist – olim

a plumber – santexnik

______________________________

____________________________________________________________

Fruits & vegetables

(Meva va Sabzavotlar)

apple – olma

orange – apelsin

lemon – limon

pineapple – ananas

apricot – o'rik

grape – uzum

pomegranate – anor

pear – nok

peach – shaftoli

melon – qovun

cherry – olcha

watermelon – tarvuz

banana – banan

strawberry – qulupnay

raspberry – malina

potato – kartoshka

tomato – pomidor

onion – piyoz

garlic – sarimsoq piyoz

pumpkin – qovoq

beans – loviya

cucumber – bodring

lettuce – salat bargi

cauliflower – gulkaram

cabbage – karam

pepper – murch

plum – olxo'ri

carrot – sabzi

__________________

__________________.

room – xona

blackboard – doska

pen – ruchka

pencil – qalam

notebook – daftar

book – kitob

chalk – bo'r

desk – parta

chair – kursi

monitor – starsta

window – oyna

door – eshik

floor – pol

ceiling – patalok

wall – devor

lamp – chiroq

tu ruler – lineyka

rubber – o'chirg'ich

paper – qog'oz

bag – sumka

groupmate – guruhdosh

classmate – sinfdosh

lecturer – leksiyachi

dean – dekan

principal – direktor

Autobiography

My name is Sitanov Xushnud. I am 22 (twenty two) years old. I am from Uzbekistan. I live in Gurlen region. I am a student Urgench State University (UrSU). I am junior. I study at the faculty of physics and mathematics.

My hobby is reading books, doing tests, watching TV and learning English. I can speak Uzbek, Russian and a little English.

My favourite subjects are maths, physics, PE(Physical Education).

I have a family but not large. There are 5 (five) people in my family: my father, my mother, brother and a sister. I am the second child in my family.___________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
Pronous

(olmoshlar)

• 
  Personal pronouns (kishilik olmoshlari)
  

I – men

you – sen

he

she u

It
we – biz

you – siz

they – ular

• 
  Object pronouns (to’ldiruvchi:– ni / – ga)
  

me – meni/menga

you – seni/senga

him

her uni/unga

it

us – bizni/bizga

you – sizni/sizga
them – ularni/ularga

• 
  Possessive pronouns (egalik olmoshlari)
  

my – mening

your – sening

his

her uning

its

our – bizning

your – sizning

their – ularning

• 
  Independent possessive pronous (mustaqil egalik olmoshlari)
  

mine – meniki

yours – seniki

his

hers uniki

its

ours – bizniki

yours – sizniki

theirs – ularniki

• 
  Reflexsive pronous (o’zlik olmoshlari)
  

myself – mening o’zim

yourself – sening o’zing

himself

herself uning o’zi

itself

ourselves – bizning o’zimiz

yourselfves– sizning o’zimiz

themselves – ularning o’zlari

To be

(bo’lmoq)

• 
  hozirgi zamon shakli.
  

I – am

you – are

he/she/it – is

we

you are

they

• 
  o’tgan zamon shakli.
  

I – was

you – were

he/she/it – was

we

you were

they

To have

(bor bo’lmoq)

I – have

you – have

he/she/it – was

we

you have

they

Noun

(ot)

Ot – deb, kim (who)? nima(what)? qayer (where)? so'roqlariga javob bo'ladigan so'zlarga aytiladi.

2 – dars

• 
  Sanaladigan otlarning ko'plik shakli:
  

– otning davomiga [-s] qo'shimchasini qo'shish orqali ko'plik yasaladi:

apricot + s = apricots.

– agar so'z oxiri –o,-x,-tch,-ch,-sh,-s,-ss tovushlari bilan tugasa u holda ko'plik otga [-es] qo'shimchasini qo'shish orqali yasaladi.

potato + es = potatoes; bus + es = buses

• 
  chetdan o'zlashgan so'zlar yuqoridagi harflar bilan tugasa ham –s qo'shimchasi qo'yib ko'plik yasaladi.
  

radio – radios

rhino – rhinos

hippo – hippos

video – videos

photo – photos

piano – pianos

stereo – stereos

____________________________________

– oxiri –y bilan tugaydigan so'zlarning ko'pligi quyidagicha yasaladi:

unli + y + s

boy + s = boys

undosh + yi + es

strawberry+esstrawberries

– oxiri –f;-fe otlardan quyidagicha ko'plik yasaladi:

wolf+eswolves

wife+eswives

• 
  Lekin –f; -fe bilan tugasa ham o'zgarish sodir bo'lmaydigan so'zlar ham uchraqdi. Ular quyidagilar:
  

roof – roofs

giraffe – giraffes

cliff – cliffs
Home work. (Ko’plik shaklini yasang)

lemon, bus, peach, cherry, roof, fox, glass, key, piano, ball, book.

– ko’plik yasaganda o’zak o’zgarishi sodir bo’ladigan otlar:

manmen – erkak kishi

womanwomen – ayol kishi

toothteeth – tish

goosegeese – g’oz

footfeet – oyoq tagi

mousemice – sichqon

oxoxen – bison

childchildren – bola

– ko’plik yasaganda o’zakda hech qanaqa o’zgarish sodir bo’lmaydigan otlar:

sheepsheep – qo’y

fishfish – baliq

deerdeer – bug’u

Mashq:(quyidagi so’zlarning ko’plik shaklini yasang):

baby, child, green leaf, old lady, radio, ox, tall woman, knife, toy, policeman, raspberry, sandwich, mouse, photo, cliff, pen, watch, big foot, nice book, duck, ostrich, parrot, swan, turkey, dolphin, giraffe, deer, calf, fox, hippo
Noaniq artikl.

Sanaladigan otlar.


a/an + sanaladigan birlikdagi ot.

A + undosh tovush

An + unli tovush

Unli harflar(tovushlar): a, e, o, I, u.

M: an elephant; a university.

Sanalmaydigan otlar.


sanaladigan ko’plikdagi otlar

some + sanalmaydigan otlar

Sanalmaydigan otlar

Oziq – ovqatlar: butter, bread, soup, chocolate, jam, honey, pepper, meat, bacon, cheese,….

Suyuqliklar: tea, juice, milk, coffee, water, petrol, oil, lemonade,…

his – tuyg’u (mavhum otlar): happiness, luck, beauty, love, …

moddalar: silver, gold, iron, paper, wood, …

fan nomlari: English, uzbek, maths,…

Va boshqalar: hair, money, snow, rain, furniture, weather, advice,…

some + flowers; some + milk.

mashq: meat, orange, chocolate, jam, butter, leaves, soup, egg, coffee, elephant, milk, cups, lemons, bread, doll, biscuit, tea, ring, boxes, armchair, plate, chair, pepper, cat, dress, money, watches, salt, honey, water, advice.

3 – dars.

Sanalmaydigan otlarning miqdorini ko’rsatish uchun quyidagi so’zlardan foydalanamiz:

jar – banka

bottle – butilka

piece – bo’lak

loaf – bo'lak

slice – bo'lak

cup – chashka

bar – plitka,bo'lak

glass – stakan

kilo – kilo

carton – karton quti

bowl – kosa

can – kanserva idish (ichimlik)

jug – ko'za, grafin

tin – kanserva idish (baliq,lovya)

packet – bog'lam

Masalan:

a jar of marmalade – 1 banka marmalad.

ko'proq miqdorda aytmoqchi (2 yoki undan ortiq) bo'lsak, bunga quyidagicha o'zgarish kiritiladi:

two jars of marmalade – 2 banka marmalade

eslatma !!! bo'lak (slice, loaf, piece) so'zlari quyidagicha ishlatiladi:

a piece of bread –

a loaf of bread –

a slice of bread –
Yangi so'zlar.

furniture – mebel

table – stol

soup – sho'rva

coffe – kofe

sheep – qo'y

meat – go'sht

ox – buqa

calf – buzoq

bread – non

wood – yog'och

tree – daraxt

leaf – barg

flower – gul

juice – sharbat

fish – baliq

milk – sut

pie – to'rt

beer – pivo

wine –

4 – dars.

To be

I – am

you – are

he/she/it – is

we –

you – are

they –

I am a pupil.

you are a doctor

he is a pilot

we are students

you are singers

they are from England

to be – kishi, narsa – buyumni ifodalash, ta'riflash uchun ishlatiladi.

Jane is a teacher.

Mary and Tom are bakers.

Car is new.

darak shakli:
Ega + to be

I am a student

inkor shakli:
Ega + to be + not

I am not a student

so'roq shakli:
To be + Ega

am I a student

Savolga javob berish:

Are you a teacher?

- No, I am not (I'm not).

- Yes, I am

Yangi so'zlar:

doctor – shifokor

pupil – o'quvchi

car – mashina

singers –

teacher – o'qituvchi

5 – dars.

Article.

Ingliz tilida artikllarning ikki turi mavjud

1. 
   No aniq : a va an.
   

a/an + sifat + ot (sanaladigan birlikdagi)

I am a clever boy. I am a clever.

Eslatma!!! agarda sifat ketidan ot bo'lmasa artikl qo'yilmaydi.

2. 
   Aniq: the
   

• 
  no aniq artiklni biror predmet yoki shaxs haqida birinchi marta gapirganda ishlatamiz. Agar fikr davom ettirilib birinchi gapga izoh berilsa, “the” aniq artikli ishlatiladi:
  

I have a car. The car is black.

• 
  Dunyoda yagona bo’lgan narsalar oldidan har doim “the” aniq artikli ishlatiladi:
  

the earth – yer

the sky –

the sun –

the Parthenon –

the Taj Mahal – Toj Mahal

• 
  Daryo, dengiz, okean, tog’ tizmalari, cho’llar, orol guruhlari va birlashgan shtatlar oldidan “the” aniq artikli ishlatiladi:
  

the Nile, the Atlantic, the USA

• 
  Musiqa asboblari “to play” so’zi bilan kelsa, “the” aniq artikli ishlatiladi (“play” so’zi “chalmoq” ma’nosini bildiradi):
  

to play the piano – pianino chalmoq.

• 
  Millatlar oldidan ham “the” artikli ishlatiladi:
  

the Uzbek – O’zbeklar

the Chinese – Xitoylar.

• 
  Shaxs nomlari (familya,ism) oldidan “the” artikli kelib, butun bir oilani bildiradi:
  

the Sitanovs – Sitanovlar

• 
  Kun qismlari oldidan quyidagi tarzda “the” artikli ishlatiladi:
  

I go to school in the morning.

in the morning – ertalab

in the afternoon – tush payti

in the evening – kechqurun

“the” artikli ishlatilmaydigan holatlar:

• 
  biror bir narsa haqida umumiy tarzda gapirilganda “the” artiklini ishlatmaymiz:
  

dogs run fast – itlar tez yuguradi

lions are wild animals – sherlar yovvoyi hayvon.

agar u biror bir joy bilan chegaralansa, u holda “the” artikli ishlatiladi:

In Afrika the lions are wild.

• 
  shaxs nomlari oldidan “the” artikli ishlatilmaydi:
  

This in Jane.

• 
  sport o’yinlari oldidan artikl ishlatilmaydi:
  

I play tennis.

• 
  ovqat payti nomlari oldidan :
  

have breakfast – nonushta qilmoq

have lunch – tushlik yemoq

have dinner – kechki ovqat yemoq

• 
  this, these, that, those lardan keyin ham, oldin ham artikl ishlatilmaydi:
  

the this a car.

• 
  school, prison, hospital, church, bed.. – so’zlari bilan “the” artikli ishlatilsa ma’no o’zgarishi sodir bo’ladi:
  

I go to school. – bunda odatdagi odam maktabga bormoqda

I go to the school – bunda odatdagi emas odam(oshpaz,usta,ota – ona va h.k)lar maktabga bormoqda.

yangi so’zlar.

earth – yer

sky – osmon

sun – quyosh

breakfast – nonushta

lunch – tushlik

dinner – kechki ovqat

morning – ertalab

afternoon – tush payti

evening – kechqurun

bed – yotoqxona

church – ibodatxona

prison – qomoqxona

wild – yovvoyi

animal – hayvon

run – yugurmoq

fast – tez

6 – dars.

This/that/these/those

this – bu

that – anavi

these – bular

those – anavilar

this, these – yaqindagi narsalarni ko’rsatishda ishlatiladi:

this is a pen

these are pens

that, those – uzoqdagi narsalarni ko’rsatishda ishlatiladi:

that is my car

those are our cars