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Abstract:
Empty sella syndrome is a damaged pituitary gland. Either the gland has shrunk
or has been crushed and flattened making it look like an empty sella on MRI scan. The reported
prevalence of primary empty sella in general population is 8–35 %. The incidence is more in
females, the ratio being 5:1. It is generally found in middle aged women who are obese and
hypertensive. Here we report the case of a 43 years old patient who presented with persistent
headache, giddiness and fatigue since 7 years and eventually was diagnosed to have empty sella
syndrome.
Key words:
Empty sella syndrome, sella turcica, persistent headache.
Background:
Empty sella syndrome is characterized by the herniation of the subarachnoid
space within the sella, which is often associated with some degree of flattening of the pituitary
gland [1,4,6]. In the case of primary empty sella (PES), several etiopathogenetic hypotheses
have been proposed, including a congenitalin complete formation of the sellar diaphragmand
supra sellar factors such as stable or intermittent increase in intracranial pressure as well as
volumetric changes in the pituitary (as observed in pregnancy) [1,2,4,6]. On the other hand,
secondary empty sella may be caused either by pituitary adenomas undergoing spontaneous
necrosis (ischemia or hemorrhage) or by infective, autoimmune, and traumatic causes or by
radiotherapy, drugs, and surgery [1,4,5,7,9].
Methods:
This is a retrospective study done over
a period between n 2019-2020 in a private JackSoft center. The subjects presented for brain
magnetic resonance imaging for diverse, chronic clinical symptoms such as chronic headaches,
visual disturbances and galactorrhoea and empty sella was found on imaging. The essence of
the imaging was to demonstrate or to rule out a structural cause for the clinical symptoms of the
subjects.
Results:
Ten female subjects between the ages of 30-50 years with a mean age of 40.0
± 10.0 years presented with chronic symptoms. The most common symptoms were headaches (n
= 10, 100%), visual disturbances (n = 4, 40%), chronic fatigue (n = 3, 30%), galactorrhea (n =
2, 25%), secondary infertility (n = 2, 25%), weight gain (n = 2, 25%) and psychotic symptoms
(n = 2, 25%). Imaging finding showed empty sella in all subjects. One subject had features of
chronic venous infarct.
Conclusion:
Empty sella syndrome presents in complex ways. Most
of the symptoms can be explained by increased pressure on structures around the sella which
control various organs in the body
References:
1. Bianconcini G, Bragagni G, Bianconcini M. Primary empty Sella syndrome. Observations
on 71 cases. Recenti Prog Med 2009;90:73-80.
2. Saindane AM, Lim PP, Aiken A, Chen Z, Hudgins PA. Factors determining the clinical
significance of an “empty” sella turcica. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2016;200:1125-31.
3. Ghatnatti V, Sarma D, Saikia U. Empty Sella syndrome - Beyond being an incidental
finding. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2014;16:S321-3.
4. Braatvedt GD, Corrall RJ. The empty Sella syndrome: Much ado about nothing. Br J Hosp
Med 2013;47:523-5.
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