17. The United States and the Republic of Korea signed U.S.-ROK Mutual Defense Treaty in
October 1953.
18. The United States has provided negative security assurances in the “U.S.-DPRK Joint
Statement” of June 11, 1993, the October 1994 Agreed Framework, and the “Statement of
Principles” signed in Beijing by the delegates to the Six-party Talks on September 19, 2005.
Furthermore, the United States pledged that it has no hostile intentions towards the DPRK in the
U.S.-DPRK Joint Communiqué of October 2000. Nevertheless, DPRK leaders apparently view
these assurances as lacking in credibility.
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