Lesson 3. NON – UNIFORM FOUNDATIONS.
Fun Facts About Your Home Foundation
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NON – UNIFORM FOUNDATIONS.
In addition to the construction of dams on foundation materials of uniform character it is often
necessary to build dams on materials of non – uniform character. In many case such foundations
involve the most different problems of dam design. In as much as foundations involve individual
problems of design due to many conceivable mixtures of foundation materials, only general
principles relating to the most important and common types can here be considered.
Generally
speaking, the foundation materials are stratified and the strata may be classed as previous or
impervious, hard or soft. Combinations of impervious and hard strata give little trouble, but strata of
previous or soft materials often involve serious problems of design. Where impervious foundation
materials overlie pervious foundation materials, the problem is sometimes made difficult, particularly
if the pervious stratum lies at such depth or is of such a thickness as to make a complete solution by
means of a cutoff wall impracticable. In such cases, the path of percolation is lengthened by use of a
cutoff wall reasonable depth, together with impervious aprons both upstream and downstream of the
dam or a wide – based dam, or a combination of these. One of the most difficult foundation problems
involved in dam design is caused by the occurrence of a soft stratum in the foundation either adjacent
to the base of the dam or at the considerable depth below it. If the soft foundation is adjacent to the
base of the dam, it is generally considered best practice to remove the soft material if possible. In
some cases drainage may help to solve the problem. In such a case an apron may be extended
upstream from the dam to prevent percolation into the soft stratum, a cutoff wall being placed at the
upper end of the apron and drainage being provided under the body of the dam.
VOCABULARY
non – uniform – bir jinsli bo’lmagan - разнообразный
conceivable – mumkin bo’lgan – возможный
stratify (v) – qat – qatlamoq, qavatlamoq–наслаиваться, напластовываться
stratum (strata) – qatlam – слой, пласт, напластование
Doors
and windows are also
indicators of any potential
challenges. When you swing a
door open or closed, does it do
so properly? Or does it fail to
return to its original position.
If you
experience the latter,
that’s a telling sign that things
are moving and shifting.
The proper name for foundation experts is
structural engineers. They’ve been educated and
trained to know all of the ins and the outs of
your foundation. This knowledge expands to
knowing exactly how to design your home so
that it’s yours for generations.
You
need to lift entire
sections of your home in
order to repair foundation
damage. This is also a
good way to remedy any
issues with your walls or
ceilings. This can be an
issue with
older homes as
the materials, like tile are
easily breakable.
Reinforcing your foundation
doesn’t take as long as you’d think.
Many are averse to getting after the
work because they think they’ll be
kicked out of their home for weeks.
In fact, this work can be done in as
little as 10 days and in some
scenarios does not even
require displacing your family.
It’s never too soon
to get your
foundation
checked
out. A common
misconception is
that issues are only
found in older
homes. This is not
the case, as you can
see from the fun
facts above!
pervious – o’tadigan – проходимый, проницаемый
impervious – o’taolmaydigan – непроходимый, непроницаемый
overlie – yotmoq – лежать на чем – либо
apron – koziryok, fartuk – водобой, козырѐк
upstream – oqimgaqarshi, oqimbo’ylabyuqoriga – противтечения, вверхпо
течению
downstream – oqimbo’ylabquyiga – вниз по течению
awide – baseddam – kengfundamentlito’g’on – широко–фундаментнаядамба
occurrence – kengayish – случай, распространение
extend – cho’zmoq, tortmoq – тянуть, натягивать
involve – jalbqilinganbo’lmoq – бытьзадействованным/ заинтересованным
dueto – moskeladigan, … gako’ra – благодаря, соответствующий
