Newsademic British English edition 260

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Newsademic.com
The informative easy to read introduction to world news
S treet m em orial to the N o ve m b e r 2015 P aris attacks (Jean-Frangois Gornet)
H
O L L A N D E
- '
W E A R E A T W A R
'
26th November 2015
British English edition
Issue Number 263
In this issue
Pygmy hippotamus baby
Dinosaur auction
disappoints
Spy freed
Ancient fossil forest
New president in Argentina
Penguin population growth
Tax inversion merger
Stone heap of the wild cat
G20 summit in Turkey
Blue dragon warning
Flag referendum in New
Zealand
APEC in Manila
First GMO
Birth of new planet
Franco 40th anniversary
Bamako hotel attack
On 20th November the United Nations 
(UN) Security Council voted on a new 
resolution, or formal proposal. A major­
ity o f the 15-member Council voted for 
the proposal. It authorised the use of 
military force against the Islamic State 
(IS). This militant Islamic organisation 
operates in parts o f Syria and Iraq. It is 
also known as ISIS, ISIL and Daesh.
The French government requested 
the UN resolution. One week before the 
UN vote, several small groups o f men at­
tacked a sports stadium, restaurants and 
concert hall in Paris, the French capital 
city. The men were armed with auto­
matic weapons and grenades. IS leaders 
declared that they planned and organised 
these attacks.
F r a n c is Hollande, the president 
o f France, was at the sports stadium. 
He was part o f a large crowd watching 
a football match between France and
Germany. During the game there were 
three large explosions outside the sta­
dium. Later, it was discovered that three 
suicide bombers had blown themselves 
up. One had planned to do this inside the 
stadium, but the officials checking tick­
ets stopped him. Soon after the explo­
sions, M r Hollande’s security team took 
him away.
At the same time, other gunmen fired at 
people in several restaurants near the cen­
tre o f Paris. Another three-man group en­
tered a theatre, or concert hall. An Ameri­
can group was performing. The building 
was full. The men fired their machine guns 
into the crowd. Specially trained police ar­
rived and surrounded the theatre. As they 
entered the building, two gunmen blew 
themselves up. A third was shot dead.
After the attacks were over, M r H ol­
lande spoke on live television. He de­
clared that ‘we are at w ar’. He added that
Natural compasses
Russian plane shootdown
Morocco's solar power plant
Glossary Crossword and
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26th November 2015 
N e w s a d e m ic .co m ™
 - British English edition 
page 
2
‘terrorism will not destroy France, 
because France will destroy it’. The 
French president also announced a 
state o f emergency. This gives the 
police and army special powers to 
arrest people. Later, it was confirmed 
that 130 people had died. Hundreds 
were badly injured. M ost o f the 
deaths occurred in the concert hall.
French police tracked some of 
the gunmen to a flat in a build­
ing not far from the stadium a few 
days later. A gun battle fol 
lowed. Several people were 
arrested. Three were killed.
One is believed to have been 
the leader o f the group. An­
other gunman managed to cross 
the border into Belgium. There, 
Belgian police began a manhunt to 
find him. French police confirmed 
that several o f the attackers had 
recently travelled from Syria to 
Brussels, the capital o f Belgium. 
Three cars used in the attacks were 
hired in Belgium. Some o f the 
gunmen who blew themselves up 
were French citizens.
People set up street memorials 
outside the theatre and restaurants 
in Paris. Many left flowers and can­
dles. One symbol became popular. 
It is based on the well-known ‘peace 
sign’. The lines in the middle o f the 
circle were redrawn to look like the 
Eiffel Tower. This world famous 
building is a symbol o f Paris.
The Paris attacks shocked many 
people. Leaders of other European 
countries and the USA, Canada and 
Australia quickly declared their 
support for France. As a sign o f soli­
darity, many well-known buildings 
in these nations were lit up at night 
in red, white and blue. These are the 
colours o f the ‘Le Tricolore’ or the 
French flag.
The IS was set up in north east 
Syria a few years ago. Its capital is
i few nise I
Ф
the Syrian city o f Raqqa. Abu Bakr 
al-Baghdadi leads the group. He is 
rarely seen in public. Everyone who 
lives in IS controlled areas must fol­
low very strict religious laws. The 
IS is now believed to have about 
30,000 fighters, or gunmen. Last 
year it took control o f a large area of 
western Iraq. This includes Mosul, 
Iraq’s second largest city.
IS leaders say they do not recog­
nise countries like Iraq and Syria. Nor 
do they believe in democracy. 
The IS, they say, will eventu­
ally include all the Middle East 
and even parts o f Europe. They 
have declared a caliphate. In the 
past a caliphate was a large Muslim 
area ruled by one person. This per­
son, who was known as the caliph, 
was a religious and political leader.
IS gunmen wear black clothing. 
Many describe them as fanatics who 
are prepared to commit executions 
and mass murder. Over the last 18 
months, hundreds of Muslims from 
countries such as the UK, France, 
Belgium, Germany, and Australia 
have travelled to Syria to join the IS. 
M ost are young men. Thousands of 
others have gone to Raqqa from Arab 
countries such as Tunisia and Libya.
In Islam there is a divide. It is be­
tween Sunni and Shia Muslims. This 
divide, or split, began about 1,400 
years ago. Of all the Muslims in the 
world about 85% are Sunnis. The IS 
is a Sunni group. It treats Shia M us­
lims, Christians, Kurds, and people 
of all other religions very harshly. 
However, an overwhelming major­
ity o f people who follow the Islamic 
faith dislike the IS. Many are angry. 
They say that what the IS does goes 
against their religion.
Last year the USA set up an anti- 
IS coalition. Many countries joined. 
However, all are reluctant to send 
soldiers to places that IS controls.
Instead several anti-IS countries 
have been attacking IS targets from 
the air. They have also been send­
ing weapons to local groups that are 
fighting against the IS. The most 
successful of these are Kurdish 
fighters in northern Iraq and north­
ern Syria. Nowadays, American and 
French planes carry out most of the 
air strikes. This is why the IS chose 
to attack Paris.
After the Paris attacks, M r Hol- 
lande ordered the Charles de Gaulle 
to sail to the Syrian coast in the 
eastern Mediterranean. This large 
navy ship is a nuclear-powered air­
craft carrier. As soon as it arrived, 
the ship’s planes began to attack IS 
targets. The carrier is named after 
a famous former French general 
and president.
Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier
David Cameron, the U K ’s prime 
minister, visited M r Hollande in Par­
is. The French president travelled to 
the USA to speak with Barack Oba­
ma, the American president. He also 
flew to Russia. There he met with the 
country’s president, Vladimir Putin. 
M r Hollande wants all these coun­
tries to work together to defeat the IS.
Military commanders all agree 
that IS will not be beaten by air 
power alone. Many politicians and 
people in the USA and Europe 
don’t want to become involved in a 
ground war in Syria and Iraq. They 
argue that forces from Middle East­
ern countries must confront and de­
feat the IS. □

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