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Nature in the ancient times. Ex. 1. Match each of the following definitions with one the words.
A. Environment(n). 1. Not necessary because something else means or does the aame things
B. Redundant(adj). 2. To make a long and difficult journey especially on foot.
C. Gloomy(adj). 3. Making you feel that things will not improve.
D. Prove(v). 4. To become worse, or make something worse.
E. Inner(adj). 5. Noun of something or the amount that something is happening.
F. Mummify(v)). 6. To make someone feel annoyed or impatient by doing something many times.
G. Trek(v). 7. A substance that makes things stick together.
H. Slopes(n). 8. The air, water and land on Earth which is affected by man's activities.
I. Binder(n). 9. An area of ground or a surface covered with snow that people ski down.
J. Irritate(v). 11. To preserve a dead body by putting special oils on it and wrapping it with close.
K. Scale (n). 12. That something is true by providing facts, informations.
L. Worsen(v). 13. On the inside or close to the centre of something.
Ex.2 Fill in gaps by using the following words.
Wheat Long-lasting Pollution Air pollution Global Greyish Salty
A. In the ancient cities,pollution deriving from unpleasant odours was generally important. Aristotle (348-322BC) set a rule in his work Athenaion Politeia , according to which manure should be placed outside the town,at least 2 km away from the town walls. Smoke- stained marble in antique towns giving them a 1.__________ tone. In ancient times smoke and soot represented the two major media of 2.______________________.
B. Effect of damaging the environment by ancient civilizations caused 3.___________ changes in the environment, which can be experienced even recently. These effects appeared on regional scale however, they did not cause 4.____________ changes. During the 1.700 years long period between 3.500 BC and 1.800 BC in the plain of Tiger and Euphrates Rivers, efficiency of the Sumerian agriculture worsened more and more and 5.___________ production decreased gradually, because the soil became 6.__________ . Water used for irrigation raises ground water level, and if redundant water is not driven away by channels, then soil is saturated with water, salts loose from soil and are deposited on "the surface became white" . Water used for irrigation washed soils totally and made the region more and more unfit for agricultural production.
C. Before beginning of anthropogenic use of copper, about 700 years ago, the total atmospheric copper was derived solely from natural sources and the situation did not change until 250 years ago. Since then, the atmospheric copper concentration has increased, which is a consequence of large - scale copper 7.______________ in the northern hemisphere. Copper emissions from ancient times until recently have been the result of mining and metallurgical activities. Other anthropogenic activities (e.g.wood burning, the production of iron) contribute to these emissions only to a small extent.
Ex.3. Which are gaps mentioned in these paragraphs.
1.The reason of increasing number of regions that out of shape for agricultural production is using water for irrigation washed soils. 2. Smoke- stained marble in evqem agreyish tone.
3.During the 1700 year long period production of wheat did not increased.
4. Wood burning,the production of iron like these activities towards gas or other substances which is sent into the air only to a small distance.
5. For loosing salts from soil redundant water is not driven away by channels.
Ex.4. Match each words with the correct sentence.
1. Odour(n). 3. Civilizations (n)
2. Irrigation(n). 4. Surface (n)
A. The water in Lake Powell is used to supply land.
B. Abnoxios smells from a factory are very harmful for humans health.
C. Dead leaves floated on the top layer of the water.
D. The book explores the relationship between religion and all the societies in the world considered as a whole.
Ex. 5. Write the adjectives that mentioned in the paragraph in Ex.1..
Adjectives.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
Gloomy Inner
______________________________________________________________________________________________
Ex.6. Choose the words with similar meanings to the underlined words.
1. The elevator was broken, so we had trek up six flights of stairs.
A. Hike. B. Loose. C. Make. D. Change.
2. The report paints of gloomy picture of the economy.
A. Beautiful. B. Enjoyable. C. Depressing. D. Bright
3. She never gets any exercise _she must be really unfit.
A. Out of shape. B. Cheerful. C.Georges D. Attrective.
4. Several buildings were damaged by the earthquake.
A. Build. B. Harmful. C. Harm. D. Rebuilt
5. I shall hold you solely responsible for anything that goes wrong.
A. Along. B. Temporary. C. Daily. D. Only.
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