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 Financial Industrial Groups as a Form of Capital Organization



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MONOGRAPHY Social and Economic Development (3)

 
2.2. Financial Industrial Groups as a Form of Capital Organization 
 
Financial industrial groups (FIGs) are defined as a complex of legal entities 
that function as main or subsidiary companies, consolidate all or part of their 
assets and aim at technological and economic integration to carry out investment 
projects. FIGs aim  at gaining competitive advantages, expanding  markets, 
operating more effectively, and creating new jobs. By Russian law, FIGs can be 
formed by legal entities and are based on an agreement signed by all legal 
entities.  A FIG can be formed around an industrial  enterprise, research 
organization, bank, or trade firm. However, to qualify as a FIG, participation by 
a producer of goods or  services and a credit organization is compulsory.  The 
supreme management body of a FIG is the Board of Directors that includes 
representatives of all legal entities. 
Investment cash  flow  generated through FIGs allows to solve several 
challenges that emerging markets  are facing.  FIGs  contribute to the 
accumulation of depreciation charges  in  firms’  accounts.  As a result, the 
accumulated money can be used as a source for a consolidated investment fund. 
In addition, in the framework of FIGs it is possible to form savings funds due to 
the timely redistribution of participant’s income. It is worth noting that within 
the FIG the cash flow that is used for expansion and technical modernization of 
fixed capital becomes more manageable, which leads to the growth of working 
capital. The FIG  parent company is able to analyze and most rationally 
distribute the funds among the participants  with the most urgent needs;  to 
identify  the proportion  of investments  moved to production  expansion and 
reconstruction; to  solve the problem of improving the production and 
reproduction  side of capital. Higher concentration of investment resources in 
FIGs ensures that the acquisition cost of current and fixed assets is calculated. It 
also results in improving  the production technological and socio-economic 
structure. Groups of funds from different sources are quickly formed, and risks 
in a market segment are promptly covered with profits from other activities. 
Capital flows are effectively managed through a variety of financial instruments. 
A  low  degree  of  capital  integration  and  the predominance of non-
diversified firms is a challenge for countries with emerging economies. This is 
 
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owing to restricted movement of capital between sectors of the economy. The 
main reasons for these limitations are insufficient growth of financial markets, 
ineffective structure of the economy, lack of political will and proper legal 
mechanisms for the market functioning. The formation of FIGs can solve these 
problems as they exemplify a diversified grouping, often in the form of cross-
ownership  holding  companies, which allows not only to solve problems of 
capital renewal  more  effectively,  but also to perform tasks of  technological 
reorganization of production;  and to use  highly  qualified personnel more 
efficiently.  Another important fact is the provision of the above-described 
processes with financial resources. 
The manufacturing sector desperately needs  long-term  loans. The 
involvement of the bank capital in investing activities and its integration with 
the industrial capital may help overcome a shortage of investment resources. 

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