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Figure 8. Single human umbilical artery endothelial cells confined on a surface in a rectangular shape using two SAMs on palladium:[85] One SAM allows proteins to adsorb; the second prevents proteins from adsorbing. Microcontact printing of the “adsorbing” SAM defines the rectangle. Proteins adsorb from the cell-culture medium to this adsorbing surface; the cell attaches to specific peptide sequences in these adsorbed proteins using specialized multiprotein aggregates in its membrane. The colors (fluorescent dyes) define structures in the cell: the blue is the nucleus; red is filamentous actin; green is fibronectin. The scale of the structures used in this type of research on cells is micrometers, since that is their intrinsic size; for this work, “nano” is too small.
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