REVIEW TEST 8
NAME:
Date:
READING (10 marks)
1 Read the article about Levi’s Jeans and number the main ideas (a–j) in the order that they are
mentioned. Not all the ideas are mentioned. 1 mark for each correct answer.
Many inventions have shaped American culture in the minds of people around the world. One was created many
years ago but is still popular today: Levi’s jeans.
Levi Strauss was born in 1829 in Bavaria, which is part of present day Germany. As a young man he moved to the
USA and settled in New York. In 1853, the young immigrant decided that he wanted to start his own business. He
moved from New York to San Francisco, where the gold rush was well underway. He travelled across Panama and
began trading on 14 March that year.
Unlike many other hopeful travellers, Strauss did not go to California to mine for gold. He sold tents and covers for
wagons to the miners. One day a man asked Strauss if he sold trousers. Looking for gold was hard work and miners
needed clothes that would last. This conversation inspired Strauss to make strong trousers suitable for workers.
In 1866 he started selling canvas trousers called Levi’s and the miners bought them faster than Strauss could make
them. Strauss soon received a lot of advice on ways to improve his jeans. In 1873 Jacob Davis gave him an idea
to make the jeans even stronger by adding metal rivets to the pockets so that they would not tear. Strauss liked
the idea and decided to use it. However, many people complained that the canvas was uncomfortable, so Strauss
changed from canvas to a heavy denim material. It was dyed indigo blue and miners liked the new material because
dirty marks did not show on the dark colour.
In 1873 the jeans sold for 22 cents a pair. By the end of that year, demand for the product had increased
dramatically. Strauss opened a factory in San Francisco and hired hundreds of workers to keep up with demand.
When he died in 1902, the company kept going.
By the 1920s, the miners had left California and instead cowboys and steel workers were buying Levi’s. It became
the leading brand in men’s work clothing. In the 1950s, after movie stars Marlon Brando and James Dean were seen
wearing them, jeans became a common item of clothing for all Americans. Today Levi’s jeans are still one of the
most popular products of American culture.
a Levi’s jeans are the most important of all American inventions.
b Levi’s went through several changes before the best design was found.
c Levi’s were first bought by cowboys and steel workers.
d Levi’s are still well-liked today even though the brand is very old.
e The market for jeans has extended beyond its original target group.
f Bavaria is next to Germany.
g Marlon Brando and James Dean were major film stars.
h Levi Strauss moved from Europe to the USA, where he started his own company.
i The company expanded rapidly during its first 30 years.
j Strauss got the idea for Levi’s after speaking to a miner.
2 Look at the article again and correct the factual mistakes in the sentences below. The first one has
been done for you as an example. 1 mark for each correct answer.
Example: Levi Strauss moved to Bavaria in 1829.
1
Strauss set up his business in Panama in 1853. He began by selling products needed by the
miners.
2 The first Levi’s jeans were made from denim.
was born in
3 The dark blue colour was very popular because it hid the rivets on the miners’ trousers. _________
4 By early 1873, many more people were buying Levi’s jeans.
VOCABULARY (10 marks)
3 In each of the sentences below there is one spelling mistake. Find and correct the spelling mistake.
1 mark for each correct answer.
1
I’m sorry, but we can only acommodate you for one night. Would you like the number of another
hotel?
2 I spend very little money on beuty products.
3 Approximately how many employes are working for you now?
4 When we inspected the firm last year we criticized the low bay and poor working conditions.
5 Abart from those able to spend money on expensive fashion, do you have many other customers?
4 In each of the sentences below there is one wrong word or phrase. Find and correct the mistakes
using the words and phrases in the box. You will not need to use all the words. 1 mark for each
correct answer.
relax casual brief textiles plants costs goal instead of
1 All of our fibres are produced from the best quality wool and cotton.
2
The company has manufacturing areas in Canterbury, Prague and Little Waldingfield.
3 I like to wear artificial clothes when I’m not at work. I can’t relax in a suit.
4
Labour payments are our biggest expense. We hope to move some of our production offshore to
save money.
5
From next year we will need to source locally in addition to offshore, as the government has
announced an import ban.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT (10 marks)
5 Add the hyponyms in the boxes to the charts below. 1 mark for each correct hyponym.
offshore production consumption conditions labour costs multinational company
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