N. V. Tatsenko introduction to theoretical phonetics of english

metrical template - a distinctive pattern of strongly and weakly stressed syllables - to fit the utterance;

2. 
   they attend to stressed vowels (it should be noted, however, that errors involving the perception of the stressed vowels are rare among native speakers);
   
3. 
   they segment the incoming stream of speech and find words that correspond to the stressed vowels and their adjacent consonants;
   
4. 
   they seek a phrase - with grammar and meaning - compatible with the metrical template identified in the first strategy and the words identified in the third strategy.
   

These exemplified strategies suggest that in decoding speech listeners perform the following processes related to pronunciation:

1. 
   discerning intonation units;
   
2. 
   recognizing stressed elements;
   
3. 
   interpreting unstressed elements;
   
4. 
   determining the full forms underlying reduced speech.
   

THE LIST OF REFERENCES

1. 
   Collins Beverly, Inger M. Mees. Practical Phonetics and Phonology : A Resource Book for Students. Second Edition. New York : Routledge, 2008. 305 p.
   
2. 
   Cruttenden Alan. Gimson's Pronunciation of English. Seventh edition. Routlege, 2013. 362 p.
   
3. 
   Giegerich Heinz. English Phonology : An Introduction. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1992. 333 p.
   
4. 
   Jenkins Jennifer. The Phonology of English as an International Language. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2000. 258 p.
   
5. 
   Kreidler Charles W. The Pronunciation of English. A Course Book. Second edition. Blackwell Publishing, 2004. 313 p.
   
6. 
   Ladefoged Peter, Johnson Keith. A Course in Phonetics. Seventh edition. Cengage Learning, 2014. 352 p.
   
7.