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The Hard Palate is composed of the two maxillary and two palatine bones. The integrity of the hard palate is important for resonance and as a point of attachment for muscle tissue. The front section of the hard palate is called alveolar ridge. Numerous consonants are formed using the alveolar, post alveolar, and palatal area as a placement. Example: [j].
Figure 2.8 - The Hard and Soft Palates
The Soft Palate is located directly behind the hard palate and is comprised of muscle tissue with a membranous covering. The movement of the soft palate allows for velopharyngeal closure. The velar consonants are formed by the role of the velum in articulation. Examples: [k], [g], [g].
Now think for a minute about how people produce sounds. Say a few words and concentrate on what’s happening inside your mouth. The movements of your tongue, lips, and jaw are incredibly quick, delicate, and complex - just as complex as the movements of an Olympic gymnast or a surgeon's hands. When you think about it and analyze the information given above, you understand this miracle of talking.
THE LIST OF REFERENCES
Collins Beverly, Inger M. Mees. Practical Phonetics and Phonology : A Resource Book for Students. Second Edition. New York : Routledge, 2008. 305 p.
Cruttenden Alan. Gimson's Pronunciation of English. Seventh edition. Routlege, 2013. 362 p.
Giegerich Heinz. English Phonology: An Introduction. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1992. 333 p.
Jenkins Jennifer. The Phonology of English as an International Language. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2000. 258 p.
Kreidler Charles W. The Pronunciation of English. A Course Book. Second edition. Blackwell Publishing, 2004. 313 p.
Ladefoged Peter, Johnson Keith. A Course in Phonetics. Seventh edition. Cengage Learning, 2014. 352 p.
McMahon April. An Introduction to English Phonology. Edinburg University Press, 2002. 159 p.
Morley J. Pronunciation Pedagogy and Theory : New Views, New Dimensions. Alexandria, VA : TESOL, 1994. 156 p.
Roach Peter. English Phonetics and Phonology. A Practical course. Fourth edition. Cambridge Universuty Press, 2009. 231 p.
Vrabel Т. T. Lectures in Theoretical Phonetics of the English Language and Method-Guides for Seminars. Ungvar : PoliPrint, 2009. 176 p.
Авраменко Б. В. Теоретична фонетика сучасно! англшсько! мови : навчальний поНбник. Одеса : видавець Букаев Вадим Вшторович, 2019. 93 с.
Дворжецька М. П. Фонетика англшсько! мови : фоностилютика i риторика мовленнево! комушкацп. Вшниця : Нова книга, 2005. 208 с.
Паращук В. Ю. Теоретична фонетка англшсько! мови : навчальний поНбник для студенев факультет шоземних мов. Вшниця : Нова книга, 2009. 232 с.
QUESTIONS
What are the components of the phonic structure of a language?
Describe the segmental/phonemic component.
What is the syllabic structure of a language?
What is intonation?
How is English rhythm called?
What is the difference between 'stress-timed' and 'syllable-timed' rhythm?
Describe the function of lungs in producing speech sounds.
What is the role of larynx?
Denote the speech function of the vocal folds.
Describe the roof of the mouth.
What is the role of lips in the matter of articulation?
How is the tongue involved in producing consonants and vowels?
Can the jaws be considered as articulators?
Which sounds do the nose and the nasal cavity produce?
Which sounds do the teeth produce?
What is the role of the hard and soft palates in the matter of articulation?
PRACTICAL TASK
THE EXERCISES FOR LIPS AND TONGUE
The purpose of articulation gymnastics is to develop full- fledged movements and certain positions of the organs of the articulatory apparatus necessary for the correct pronunciation of sounds. Purposeful exercises help prepare the articulatory apparatus of a student to correctly pronounce the necessary sounds.
Articulation gymnastics should always begin with working out the basic movements and positions of the lips and the tongue necessary for a clear, correct pronunciation of all sounds.
Exercises for Lips
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