N., and Bakry, N. M. (2006)

NTIS Order No.: DE92003277/GAR DOE/ID-22098.
Other numbers: USGS-OFR-91-232
Language: English
English
Publication Type: Report
Environmental Regime: Freshwater
Classification: Q5 01503 Characteristics, behavior and fate
Subfile: ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality

Weisburger, E. K. (1982). Carcinogenicity Tests on Pesticides. In: J.E.Chambers and J.D.Yarbrough (Eds.), Effects of Chronic Exposures to Pesticides on Animals Systems, Raven Press, NY 165-176.

EcoReference No.: 69996

Chemical of Concern: PNB,DDT,EN,HCCH,ES,DZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).

Weiss, C. M. (1959). Response of Fish to Sub-lethal Exposures of Organic Phosphorus Insecticides. Sewage Ind.Wastes 31: 580-593.

EcoReference No.: 60203

Chemical of Concern: PRN,DZ,MLN,DEM,AZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: OK(PRN,MLN,DEM,AZ),NO ENDPOINT(DZ).

Weiss, C. M. (1959). Stream Pollution: Response of Fish to Sub-lethal Exposures of Organic Phosphorus Insecticides. Sewage Ind.Wastes 31: 580-593.

EcoReference No.: 8113

Chemical of Concern: AZ,DZ,MLN,PRN,DEM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PHY,GRO; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).

Weiss, C. M. and Gakstatter, J. H. (1965). The Decay of Anticholinesterase Activity of Organic Phosphorus Insecticides on Storage in Water of Different pH. In: Proc.2nd Int.Water Pollut.Res.Conf., August 1964, Tokyo Adv.Water Pollut.Res. 1: 83-102.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: MP,PRN,FNTH,DZ,MLN,AZ,TCF,DDVP,DEM Rejection Code: IN VITRO.

Weiss, C. M. and Gakstatter, J. H. (1964). Detection of Pesticides in Water by Biochemical Assay. J.Water Pollut.Control Fed. 36 : 240-253.

EcoReference No.: 8115

Chemical of Concern: AZ,DS,DZ,MLN,DEM,PRN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PHY; Rejection Code: NO CONTROL,ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).

Weller, C. P. and Sulman, F. G. (1970). Drug action on tail shock-induced vocalization in mice and its relevance to analgesia. European Journal of Pharmacology 9: 227-234.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: NO COC.

Mouse vocalization/ Tranquillizers/ Neural transections/ Narcotics/ Narcotic antagonists/ Relevance to analgesia Analgesia and related drugs were tested on both intact and neurally transected mice for inhibition of vocalization induced by repetitive tail shocks (mouse tail shock test: MTST). In intact mice, major narcotic and phenothiazine analgesics, e.g. morphine, methadone and methotrimeprazine, produced a marked dose-dependent inhibition; much higher doses of codeine and non-analgesic tranquilizers, e.g. chlorpromazine and hydroxyzine, were required to produce comparable effects. Narcotic-antagonist analgesics (nalorphine, cyclazocine, pentazocine) and the non-narcotic, non-analgesic, dextromethorphan, showed an early ceiling of the effect. Levallorphan, a non-analgesic narcotic antagonist, was inactive. Decortication and neutral transections, from the frontal pole to the pons, did not affect vocalization or the effect of drugs upon vocalization except for the strong narcotics whose potencies were reduced to about following transections caudal to the anterior commissure. It was concludedv that: (1) drug effectiveness in the MTST does not consistently parallel clinical analgesic efficacy; (2) vocalization in the MTST is integrated at low brain stem levels, its inhibition by drugs not necessarily requiring participation of higher neural levels. The relevance of the MTST to pain and analgesia is thus rendered questionable.

Werner, I., Deanovic, L. A., Connor, V., De Vlaming, V., Bailey, H. C., and Hinton, D. E. (2000). Insecticide-caused toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia (Cladocera) in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, California, USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry [Environ. Toxicol. Chem.]. Vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 215-227. Jan 2000.
Chem Codes: CBF Rejection Code: SURVEY/EFFLUENT.

In recent years, populations of resident aquatic species in California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, USA, have declined appreciably in numbers. The cause of these declines is not known, but has been attributed to a number of factors including water diversions, loss of habitat, introduced exotic organisms, and toxic compounds. To detect and characterize the spatial extent, severity, frequency, and causes of potential toxicity caused by anthropogenic pollutants, a monitoring study was conducted over a period of two years (1993-1995). Sites were monitored on a monthly basis using the standardized U.S. Environmental Protection Agency freshwater toxicity test with the zooplankton species Ceriodaphnia dubia. Twenty-four sites were sampled in 1993 to 1994. During the 1994 to 1995 sampling season, the number of sampling sites was restricted to 20, with special emphasis placed on back sloughs, delta island agricultural drains, and main-stem river sites. Significant mortality or reproductive toxicity in C. dubia was detected in 9.8% of 400 water samples tested. Ecologically important back sloughs had the largest percentage of toxic samples. Of 71 and 103 samples collected from back sloughs during 1993 to 1994 and 1994 to 1995, respectively, 14.1% and 19.6% were toxic. To determine the causative chemical(s), toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs) were conducted on 23 toxic samples. These included eight follow-up samples taken to determine whether toxicity at the respective site persisted. Organophosphate (chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion) and carbamate (carbofuran, carbaryl) pesticides were identified as primary toxicants. Chlorpyrifos was present at toxic concentrations in 87% of samples tested by TIE. Analysis of data from the follow-up samples suggested that toxicity may have persisted over periods of several days to weeks. Freshwater pollution. Toxicants. Pollutant identification. Deltas. Toxicity testing. Zooplankton. Mortality. Reproduction. Water sampling. Insecticides. Ceriodaphnia dubia. USA, California, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. chlorpyrifos. Cladocera. Pesticides (carbamates). Pesticides (organophosphorus). Pollution effects. Pollution monitoring. Bioassays. Toxicity. USA, California, Sacramento-San Joaquin R. Delta. Monitoring. Water Pollution Effects. Population Dynamics. Biological Sampling. Data Interpretation. Stream Pollution. Ceriodaphnia dubia. USA, California, San Joaquin R. ISSN: 0730-7268

Publisher: SETAC Press
Language: English
Subfile: Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts

Werner, I., Deanovic, L. A., Connor, V., De Vlaming, V., Bailey, H. C., and Hinton, D. E. (2000). Insecticide-caused toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia (Cladocera) in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, California, USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry [Environ. Toxicol. Chem.]. Vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 215-227. Jan 2000.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: SURVEY.

ISSN: 0730-7268

Descriptors: Freshwater pollution
Descriptors: Toxicants
Descriptors: Pollutant identification
Descriptors: Deltas
Descriptors: Toxicity testing
Descriptors: Zooplankton
Descriptors: Mortality
Descriptors: Reproduction
Descriptors: Water sampling
Descriptors: Insecticides
Descriptors: Chlorpyrifos
Descriptors: Pesticides (carbamates)
Descriptors: Pesticides (organophosphorus)
Descriptors: Pollution effects
Descriptors: Pollution monitoring
Descriptors: Bioassays
Descriptors: Toxicity
Descriptors: Monitoring
Descriptors: Water Pollution Effects
Descriptors: Population Dynamics
Descriptors: Biological Sampling
Descriptors: Data Interpretation
Descriptors: Stream Pollution
Descriptors: Ceriodaphnia dubia
Descriptors: USA, California, San Joaquin R.
Abstract: In recent years, populations of resident aquatic species in California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, USA, have declined appreciably in numbers. The cause of these declines is not known, but has been attributed to a number of factors including water diversions, loss of habitat, introduced exotic organisms, and toxic compounds. To detect and characterize the spatial extent, severity, frequency, and causes of potential toxicity caused by anthropogenic pollutants, a monitoring study was conducted over a period of two years (1993-1995). Sites were monitored on a monthly basis using the standardized U.S. Environmental Protection Agency freshwater toxicity test with the zooplankton species Ceriodaphnia dubia. Twenty-four sites were sampled in 1993 to 1994. During the 1994 to 1995 sampling season, the number of sampling sites was restricted to 20, with special emphasis placed on back sloughs, delta island agricultural drains, and main-stem river sites. Significant mortality or reproductive toxicity in C. dubia was detected in 9.8% of 400 water samples tested. Ecologically important back sloughs had the largest percentage of toxic samples. Of 71 and 103 samples collected from back sloughs during 1993 to 1994 and 1994 to 1995, respectively, 14.1% and 19.6% were toxic. To determine the causative chemical(s), toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs) were conducted on 23 toxic samples. These included eight follow-up samples taken to determine whether toxicity at the respective site persisted. Organophosphate (chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion) and carbamate (carbofuran, carbaryl) pesticides were identified as primary toxicants. Chlorpyrifos was present at toxic concentrations in 87% of samples tested by TIE. Analysis of data from the follow-up samples suggested that toxicity may have persisted over periods of several days to weeks.
Annual review issue.
Publisher: SETAC Press
Language: English
English
Publication Type: Journal Article
Publication Type: Review
Classification: P 2000 FRESHWATER POLLUTION
Classification: X 24136 Environmental impact
Classification: Q5 01504 Effects on organisms
Classification: SW 3030 Effects of pollution
Classification: P 6000 TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH
Subfile: ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts

Werner, I., Deanovic, L. A., Connor, V., De Vlaming, V., Bailey, J. C., and Hinton, D. E. (2000). Insecticide-Caused Toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia (Cladocera) in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, California. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 19 : 215-227.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ,CPY,CBF Rejection Code: MIXTURE.

Werner, I., Deanovic, L. A., Hinton, D. E., Henderson, J. D., De Oliveira, G. H., Wilson, B. W., Krueger, W., Wallender, W. W., Oliver, M. N., and Zalom, F. G. ( Toxicity of Stormwater Runoff After Dormant Spray Application of Diazinon and Esfenvalerate (Asana registered ) in a French Prune Orchard, Glenn County, California, USA. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology [Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.]. Vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 29-36. Jan 2002.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: EFV Rejection Code: FATE.

Organophosphate pesticides (OPs), in particular diazinon and chlorpyrifos, have frequently been detected in toxic concentrations in waterways draining agricultural and urban areas in California's Sacramento and San Joaquin River watersheds (US Geological Survey 1997). Toxicity has in part been linked to stormwater runoff of OP pesticides applied during the dormant season on stonefruit and almond orchards. State Water Quality Plans have now been implemented by regulatory agencies to prevent movement of OPs into surface water, and growers have reduced the application of OPs. Simultaneously, the use of so-called reduced-risk alternatives, such as pyrethroid insecticides and Bacillus thuringiensis bloom sprays, has increased dramatically. Best management practices (BMPs) are aimed at reducing off-site movement of pesticides into surface waters. Pyrethroid pesticides, among them the widely used esfenvalerate (Asana registered ) are considerably more hydrophobic (solubility in water: 0.4 mu g/L) than the relatively soluble OP pesticide diazinon (solubility in water: 40,000 mu g/L). Although runoff of pyrethroids is believed to be minimal thus reducing pesticide impact on surface waters, esfenvalerate has been shown to be toxic to fish at extremely low concentrations ( less than or equal to 1 ug/L), and potentially poses a significantly higher risk to these organisms than OP pesticides. In addition, its potential to bioaccumulate and bioconcentrate is high. A second recommended method for reducing toxic runoff from orchards is the use of different orchard floor cover crops. Cover crops are believed to enhance water infiltration. This study was performed to measure the effectiveness of these two BMPs in reducing the toxicity of stormwater runoff. Experiments were carried out in a French prune orchard at the Talbot - Vereschagin Ranch, Glenn County, California. USA, California, Glenn Cty./ Toxicity/ Storm Runoff/ Organophosphorus Pesticides/ Agricultural Runoff/ Agricultural Chemicals/ Cultivated Lands/ Orchards/ Fish/ Diazinon/ Organophosphates/ Pesticides/ Stormwater runoff/ Surface water/ Pyrethroids/ esfenvalerate/ Pesticides (organophosphorus)/ Storm water/ Runoff/ Pollution dispersion/ Pollution control/ Agricultural pollution/ USA, California, Glenn Cty./ USA, California/ best management practices/ Diazinon/ esfenvalerate/ orchards

Werner, I., Deanovic, L. A., Hinton, D. E., Henderson, J. D., De Oliveira, G. H., Wilson, B. W., Krueger, W., Wallender, W. W., Oliver, M. N., and Zalom, F. G. (2002). Toxicity of Stormwater Runoff After Dormant Spray Application of Diazinon and Esfenvalerate (Asana registered ) in a French Prune Orchard, Glenn County, California, USA. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology [Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.]. Vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 29-36. Jan 2002.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.

ISSN: 0007-4861

Descriptors: Toxicity
Descriptors: Storm Runoff
Descriptors: Organophosphorus Pesticides
Descriptors: Agricultural Runoff
Descriptors: Agricultural Chemicals
Descriptors: Cultivated Lands
Descriptors: Orchards
Descriptors: Fish
Descriptors: Diazinon
Descriptors: Organophosphates
Descriptors: Pesticides
Descriptors: Stormwater runoff
Descriptors: Surface water
Descriptors: Pyrethroids
Descriptors: Pesticides (organophosphorus)
Descriptors: Storm water
Descriptors: Runoff
Descriptors: Pollution dispersion
Descriptors: Pollution control
Descriptors: Agricultural pollution
Descriptors: USA, California, Glenn Cty.
Descriptors: USA, California
Abstract: Organophosphate pesticides (OPs), in particular diazinon and chlorpyrifos, have frequently been detected in toxic concentrations in waterways draining agricultural and urban areas in California's Sacramento and San Joaquin River watersheds (US Geological Survey 1997). Toxicity has in part been linked to stormwater runoff of OP pesticides applied during the dormant season on stonefruit and almond orchards. State Water Quality Plans have now been implemented by regulatory agencies to prevent movement of OPs into surface water, and growers have reduced the application of OPs. Simultaneously, the use of so-called reduced-risk alternatives, such as pyrethroid insecticides and Bacillus thuringiensis bloom sprays, has increased dramatically. Best management practices (BMPs) are aimed at reducing off-site movement of pesticides into surface waters. Pyrethroid pesticides, among them the widely used esfenvalerate (Asana registered ) are considerably more hydrophobic (solubility in water: 0.4 mu g/L) than the relatively soluble OP pesticide diazinon (solubility in water: 40,000 mu g/L). Although runoff of pyrethroids is believed to be minimal thus reducing pesticide impact on surface waters, esfenvalerate has been shown to be toxic to fish at extremely low concentrations ( less than or equal to 1 ug/L), and potentially poses a significantly higher risk to these organisms than OP pesticides. In addition, its potential to bioaccumulate and bioconcentrate is high. A second recommended method for reducing toxic runoff from orchards is the use of different orchard floor cover crops. Cover crops are believed to enhance water infiltration. This study was performed to measure the effectiveness of these two BMPs in reducing the toxicity of stormwater runoff. Experiments were carried out in a French prune orchard at the Talbot - Vereschagin Ranch, Glenn County, California.
Language: English
Publication Type: Journal Article
Environmental Regime: Freshwater
Classification: SW 3030 Effects of pollution
Classification: P 2000 FRESHWATER POLLUTION
Classification: X 24136 Environmental impact
Classification: Q5 01522 Protective measures and control
Classification: EE 40 Water Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation
Subfile: Environmental Engineering Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts

Werner, I, Deanovic, L A, Hinton, D E, Henderson, J D, de Oliveira, G H, Wilson, B W, Krueger, W, Wallender, W W, Oliver, M N, and Zalom et, al. (2002). Toxicity of stormwater runoff after dormant spray application of diazinon and esfenvalerate (Asana) in a French prune orchard, Glenn county, California, USA. Bulletin Of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology 68: 29-36.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: EFV Rejection Code: FATE.

[Journal Article; In English; United States]

Werner, I., Zalom, F. G., Oliver, M. N., Deanovic, L. A., Kimball, T. S., Henderson, J. D., Wilson, B. W., Krueger, W., and Wallender, W. W. (2004). Toxicity of storm-water runoff after dormant spray application in a French prune orchard, Glenn County, California, USA: Temporal patterns and the effect of ground covers. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry [Environ. Toxicol. Chem.]. Vol. 23, no. 11, pp. 2719-2726. Nov 2004.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.

ISSN: 0730-7268

Descriptors: Orchards
Descriptors: Insecticides
Descriptors: Bone morphogenetic proteins
Descriptors: Surface water
Descriptors: Vegetation
Descriptors: Diazinon
Descriptors: Pesticides
Descriptors: Pyrethroids
Descriptors: Cover crops
Descriptors: Watersheds
Descriptors: Hydrophobicity
Descriptors: Acute toxicity
Descriptors: Rainfall
Descriptors: Water infiltration
Descriptors: Rivers
Descriptors: Organic matter
Descriptors: organophosphates
Descriptors: Agricultural Runoff
Descriptors: Fish
Descriptors: Toxicity
Descriptors: Storm Runoff
Descriptors: Invertebrates
Descriptors: Capacity
Descriptors: Larvae
Descriptors: Infiltration
Descriptors: Crustaceans
Descriptors: Best Management Practices
Descriptors: Ceriodaphnia dubia
Descriptors: Pimephales promelas
Descriptors: Simocephalus vetelus
Descriptors: Chironomus riparius
Descriptors: USA, California
Abstract: Organophosphorous (OP) insecticides, especially diazinon, have been detected routinely in surface waters of the Sacramento and San Joaquin River watersheds, coincident with rainfall events following their application to dormant orchards during the winter months. Preventive best management practices (BMP) aim at reducing off-site movement of pesticides into surface waters. Two proposed BMPs are: The use of more hydrophobic pyrethroid insecticides believed to adsorb strongly to organic matter and soil and the use of various types of ground cover vegetation to increase the soil's capacity for water infiltration. To measure the effectiveness of these BMPs, storm water runoff was collected in a California prune orchard (Glenn County, CA, USA) during several rainstorms in the winter of 2001, after the organophosphate diazinon and the pyrethroid esfenvalerate were applied to different orchard sections. We tested and compared acute toxicity of orchard runoff from diazinon- and esfenvalerate-sprayed sections to two species of fish (Pimephales promelas, Onchorhynchus mykiss) and three aquatic invertebrates (Ceriodaphnia dubia, Simocephalus vetelus, Chironomus riparius), and determined the mitigating effect of three ground cover crops on toxicity and insecticide loading in diazinon-sprayed orchard rows. Runoff from the esfenvalerate-sprayed orchard section was less toxic to waterflea than runoff from the diazinon-sprayed section. However, runoff from the orchard section sprayed with esfenvalerate was highly toxic to fish larvae. Samples collected from both sections one month later were not toxic to fish, but remained highly toxic to invertebrates. The ground cover crops reduced total pesticide loading in runoff by approximately 50%. No differences were found between the types of vegetation used as ground covers.
Language: English
English
Publication Type: Journal Article
Classification: X 24136 Environmental impact
Classification: SW 3030 Effects of pollution
Classification: AQ 00008 Effects of Pollution
Classification: Z 05183 Toxicology & resistance
Classification: P 2000 FRESHWATER POLLUTION
Classification: EE 40 Water Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation
Subfile: Entomology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts

Werner, Ingeborg, Zalom, Frank G, Oliver, Michael N, Deanovic, Linda A, Kimball, Tom S, Henderson, John D, Wilson, Barry W, Krueger, William, and Wallender, Wes W (2004). Toxicity of storm-water runoff after dormant spray application in a french prune orchard, Glenn County, California, USA: temporal patterns and the effect of ground covers. Environmental Toxicology And Chemistry / SETAC 23: 2719-2726.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: EFV Rejection Code: FATE, MIXTURE.

Organophosphorous (OP) insecticides, especially diazinon, have been detected routinely in surface waters of the Sacramento and San Joaquin River watersheds, coincident with rainfall events following their application to dormant orchards during the winter months. Preventive best management practices (BMP) aim at reducing off-site movement of pesticides into surface waters. Two proposed BMPs are: The use of more hydrophobic pyrethroid insecticides believed to adsorb strongly to organic matter and soil and the use of various types of ground cover vegetation to increase the soil's capacity for water infiltration. To measure the effectiveness of these BMPs, storm water runoff was collected in a California prune orchard (Glenn County, CA, USA) during several rainstorms in the winter of 2001, after the organophosphate diazinon and the pyrethroid esfenvalerate were applied to different orchard sections. We tested and compared acute toxicity of orchard runoff from diazinon- and esfenvalerate-sprayed sections to two species of fish (Pimephales promelas, Onchorhynchus mykiss) and three aquatic invertebrates (Ceriodaphnia dubia, Simocephalus vetelus, Chironomus riparius), and determined the mitigating effect of three ground cover crops on toxicity and insecticide loading in diazinon-sprayed orchard rows. Runoff from the esfenvalerate-sprayed orchard section was less toxic to waterflea than runoff from the diazinon-sprayed section. However, runoff from the orchard section sprayed with esfenvalerate was highly toxic to fish larvae. Samples collected from both sections one month later were not toxic to fish, but remained highly toxic to invertebrates. The ground cover crops reduced total pesticide loading in runoff by approximately 50%. No differences were found between the types of vegetation used as ground covers. [Journal Article; In English; United States]