Māris kļaviņŠ, azamat azizov, JĀnis zaļoksnis environment, pollution, development: the case of uzbekistan

Figure 5.7. 
Changes in 
the concentrations of 
carbon dioxide (CO
2
), 
nitrogen(I) oxide (N
2
O) 
and methane (CH
4
) in 
the atmosphere during 
the last 2000 years
Figure 5.8. 
Temperature 
changes in the Northern 
Hemisphere during the 
last 1000 years and a 
prognosis of possible 
changes in the future

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5. GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
 83
increase in temperature, the snow cover duration is decreasing. Air 
warming is related to the reduction of permafrost areas. Mountain 
glaciers recede to higher elevations and become smaller and shorter, 
affecting the mountain rivers. As glaciers melt and the snow cover 
diminishes, the global sea level is rising.
Mean temperature
Mean sea level
Northern Hemisphere snow cover area
0,5
0,0
-0,5
50,0
0
-50
-100
-150
4
0
-4
1850 
1900 
1950 
2000
14,5
14,0
13,5
40
36
32
Temperature (°
C)
Deviations1961–1990 (mm)
Area (million 
km
2
)
Year
Temperature rise in the Northern Hemisphere and particularly 
in the Baltic Sea Region does not occur evenly throughout the year; 
for the most part, only the winter months have become warmer 
(Figure 5.10).
The effects of global warming are not equally intense in all regions 
of the Earth. Global warming has affected the rainfall patterns – they 
have recently become more irregular, leaving some regions with 
almost no precipitation and causing long drought periods, while 
elsewhere rainfalls have become much more frequent than before. 
In some regions, such as China, long drought periods alternate with 
severe floods, seriously impeding the agricultural production.