Māris kļaviņŠ, azamat azizov, JĀnis zaļoksnis environment, pollution, development: the case of uzbekistan

 12.5.1.  Ecological footprint calculation methodology
National bioproductivity is the whole of all the territories 
(including those not used because of economic, nature protection or 
other reasons). Each bioproductive territory is converted into global 
hectares, multiplying this territory by the equivalence factor of the 
given territory and the corresponding productivity factor. 
As  to  the  ecological  footprint,  its  calculation  begins  with 
creating a matrix of the type of land use which includes, apart from 
bio productive territories, the infrastructure and territories that are 
necessary for the absorption of carbon dioxide. Consumption ca te go-
ries within this matrix are food, dwelling, transport, consumer goods 
and services. The matrix of the land use type shows the kind of land 
use necessary to ensure the production of goods and consumption 
for a given number of people and consumption patterns. The number 
of population and information about various consumption categories 
are used to calculate the average annual consumption per person. 
The consumption is calculated by adding up the data on import and 
national production and subtracting export. The term ‘seeming con-
sump tion’ has also been introduced, which is different from the real 
house hold consumption since it includes the resources that are used 
in export and excludes the resources that have been invested in the 
imported goods (for example, energy that has been consumed to 
produce tomatoes in Spain and transport them to Latvia). 
The methodology for ecological footprint calculation stipulates 
the parameters of the data used, re-calculation factors, boundaries of 
research and dissemination of results.
Bioproductivity is an 
essential parameter to 
assess the ecological 
footprint as an indicator 
of the consumption 
of natural resources in 
global hectares. It shows 
the planet’s ecological 
capacity or biological 
productivity. In this way, 
the balance reflects the 
demand (ecological foot‑
print) on the one hand 
and the supply – biopro‑
ductivity that consists of 
various bioproductive 
territories – on the other 
hand. These territories 
are:
 
Œ cropland,
 
Œ pasture,
 
Œ forest,
 
Œ sea,
 
Œ territory allotted to the 
preservation of bio‑
diversity.
This calculation can 
be expressed with the 
following formula:
B = T × EF × PF,
where
B – bioproductivity, ha
g
,
T – territory, ha
g
,
EF – equivalence factor, 
ha
g
,
PF – productivity factor, 
t/ha.

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300 
ENVIRONMENT, POLLUTION, DEVELOPMENT:  THE CASE OF UZBEKISTAN
The methodology for ecological footprint calculation is based 
on the assessment of the area of bioproductive territory. Global 
hectares (ha
g
) is the bioproductive territory (total area of the Earth is 
11.2 billion hectares) with the world’s average productivity. Instead of 
the volume of the produced biomass, productivity in this case is the 
maximum potential of agricultural production. This makes a hectare 
of fertile soil equal to several global hectares. Global hectares have 
been normalised so that the total number of hectares of productive 
territory would be the same as the quantity of global hectares. 
Global hectare is a means to compare the ecological footprints and 
bioproductivity of different countries.