Māris kļaviņŠ, azamat azizov, JĀnis zaļoksnis environment, pollution, development: the case of uzbekistan

Figure 7.7. 
Environmental pollution 
problems and their 
solutions 
There are four main 
anthropogenic sources of 
pollution affecting the air 
quality: 
1.  power industry and 
heating;
2. transport;
3. industry;
4. agriculture.
Whereas the major 
air pollutants in the 
environment are:
1.  sulfur compounds;
2.  nitrogen compounds;
3.  carbon compounds;
4.  halogenated organic 
substances;
5.  metals and their 
compounds;
6.  aerosols and dust;
7.  radioactive elements.

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ENVIRONMENT, POLLUTION, DEVELOPMENT:  THE CASE OF UZBEKISTAN
Production intensification and general growth, various modes 
of transport, energy industry development and other factors 
combine to deter mine the quality of human life and the level of 
comfort. How ever, in this process, the natural environ ment that 
surrounds people be co mes increasingly polluted, and at a certain 
stage of development can become harmful to humans themselves. 
The main mechanisms for control of environ mental pollution are 
legislative and economic levers, as well as introduction of eco-
friendly manufacturing processes.
When creating the environ ment protection mechanism, one 
should take into account not only its task of protecting the people 
and the natural environ ment, but also the obvious need to promote 
and develop the respective production and technological processes. It 
is a fact that at the current stage of scientific and technical develop-
ment technical implementation of the nature conservation measures 
may turn out to be so costly that the respective industry can become 
economically unfeasible.
There have been many negative effects caused by air pollution, 
especially an increased risk of developing heart and lung disease, 
as well as the reduction of life span by a year or more for those 
people who reside in contaminated areas. Some of these effects can 
be  observed  at  very  low  concentrations  –  much  lower  than  those 
initially considered safe.
Air pollution can lead to a great variety of diseases, from simple 
and transient changes in the respiratory tract or lung function 
deterioration, to the physical activity constraints, chronic conditions, 
hospitalisation and even death. Furthermore, the impact of air 
pollution is detected not only on the respiratory system, but also on 
the cardiovascular system. Air pollution can affect life expectancy 
and its decrease can be caused both by long-term exposure to 
polluted air, by being subjected to high pollutants’ concentration 
even for a short period of time.
56.4%
43.6%