Māris kļaviņŠ, azamat azizov, JĀnis zaļoksnis environment, pollution, development: the case of uzbekistan

Table 6.2. 
LD
50
 value for some substances
Substance
Testing animal
LD
50
  
(mg/kg of body mass)
Ethanol
Mice
10 000
Sodium chloride
Mice
4000
Morphine sulphate
Rats
900
Phenobarbital
Rats
150
DDT
Rats
100
Strychnine sulphate
Rats
2
Nicotine
Rats
1
Tetrodotoxin
Mice
0.1
Dioxin
Rats
0.001
Botulinus toxin
Rats
0.0001
The  effects  of  physical  or  biological  factors  can  be  assessed 
and  studied  like  the  effects  of  toxic  substances,  i.e.  analysing  the 
correlations between the doses (action intensity and amount) and 
the organism’s responses.
Acute toxicity can be 
defined as the total 
negative effect caused by 
a toxic substance taken in 
a single dose. Analogous 
to acute toxicity, chronic 
toxicity can be defined 
as the total negative 
effect caused by a toxic 
substance affecting a 
living organism over a 
longer period of time.

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6. Action of toxic substances in the environment – basic concepts of ecotoxicology