Māris kļaviņŠ, azamat azizov, JĀnis zaļoksnis environment, pollution, development: the case of uzbekistan

 11.5.6.  Implementation and control of the environmental 
action programme or plan 
The implementation of an environ mental action plan begins 
with the determination of institutions and persons who will be 
responsible for the execution of the programme or its parts. For some 
programmes, there is no need to appoint the responsible leader. In 
this case, collective decisions are taken by people who are directly 
involved in the process.
To ensure a successful implementation of programmes, different 
organisational models can be used. These models can have a more or 

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11. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: LEGISLATION, POLICIES, INSTITUTIONS
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less complex or simple hierarchical structure. However, in all cases 
it  is  necessary  that  the  persons  in  charge  have  sufficient  environ-
mental knowledge and understanding of the nature of the process as 
a whole. In some cases, short-term training or seminars on individual 
substantive issues relating to the programme implementation may 
be held.
The implementation of a programme requires resources. If 
funding for the attainment of the programme objectives has been 
approved and allocated and the responsible persons – designated, the 
implementation of the programme or plan can be started. Careful 
planning of the implementation process is crucial for a successful 
completion of the programme.
Process control is a very important element in implementing 
programmes because it ensures two important things, namely, it 
guarantees that the expected environ mental improvement effect will 
be achieved and dangerous side effects will not arise.
The opportunities of using environ mental indicators towards 
the  attainment  of  specific  objectives  should  be  evaluated  in  order 
to ascertain the progress made. If a programme is implemented for 
reducing nitrogen dioxide concentrations in urban air for a specific 
amount (the yearly threshold for human health safety set by the law 
is 40 µg/m
3
), the assessment of the environ mental status change can 
be made by determining the NO
2 
concentration and comparing it 
with the concentration at the time of beginning the programme.
It is difficult to carry out systematic and regular measurements 
of  a  parameter  that  is  difficult  to  control.  Yet,  such  controls 
are required. If environ mental monitoring data show that the 
programme does not bring the desired results, it should be reassessed 
to determine the changes needed.
If the programme implementation process has been appropriate, 
but the desired result has still not been achieved, the reasons of 
failure have to be looked for. They could be, for example, incorrect 
assessment of the cause of the problem; however, in most cases, the 
reason is inaccuracies in the calculation.