Morphological typology



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Secondary grammatical categories are units of grammatical meaning and

grammatical forms.

Any grammatical category (the category of gender, category number, category of case, etc.) in each word has a specific content. For example, the category of gender, a noun category, in the words of the книга(book) reveals that this noun is a feminine noun in Russian; category or type, for example, the verb рисовать (to draw) has specific content - a verb imperfective. These meanings of wordsare called grammatical meanings

2.Task


In the following examples of comparison of secondary grammatical categories, grammatical meaning and grammatical forms can be identified.

In English, Russian and Uzbek languages, plurality is the category of the noun, pronoun, and verb, which means a great number of something or someone.For example, these books are interesting – бу китоблар қизиқарли –эти книги интересны.

All compared languages have some nouns, which are never used in a plural form such as love, friendship, hate – любовь, дружба – муҳаббат, дўстлик.


  1. Task

  1. If I tell the truth, Grammatical categories in different languages with a strong word formation, such members can be represented by the forms of the same word within its paradigm (for example, in the Russian language - the tense, the inclination, the number of the verb, number, case, gender adjectives degrees of comparison).

  2. According to Dr. Buranov, grammatical categories can be divided into two group: primary and secondary. Every word of a certain part of speech has its own morphological forms,

these forms contain morphological paradigm and can be connected with certain

grammatical categories. For instance, in English the inflection –s can represent

a category of the number and –ed of the verb can represent tense category and etc

[Buranov, 1973, 101].



  1. English: somebody –anything

Russian: кто-то - что-нибудь

Uzbek: кимларди - аллакимлар - алланималар
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