Mohanty ieee-mce smart-Cities

2.
 
Smart Cities: Components and Characteristics 
Components and characteristics of the smart city are summarized in Fig. 2. There are many components of 
a smart city and 8 different components have been presented in the figure. The components of a smart cities 
include the following: smart infrastructure, smart buildings, smart transportation, smart energy, smart 
healthcare, smart technology, smart governance, smart education, and smart citizens. A brief discussion of 
these components will be presented in the subsequent sections. Different smart cities have different levels 
of these smart components, depending on their focus. 
FIGURE 2. Components and Characteristics of Smart Cities. 
The various attributes of smart cities include sustainability, quality of life (QoL), urbanization, and 
smartness. The sustainability of a smart city is related to city infrastructure and governance, energy and 
climate change, pollution and waste, and social issues, economics and health. The quality of life (QoL) can 
be measured in terms of the emotional and financial well-being of the citizens. The urbanization aspects of 
the smart city include multiple aspects and indicators, such as technology, infrastructure, governance, and 
economics. The smartness of a smart city is conceptualized as the ambition to improve economic, social 
and environmental standards of the city and its inhabitants. Various commonly quoted aspects of city 
smartness include smart economy, smart people, smart governance, smart mobility, and smart living.
There are four core themes for a smart city, namely society, economy, environment, and 
governance. The society theme of a smart city signifies that the city is for its inhabitants or the citizens. The 
economy theme of a smarty city signifies that the city is able to thrive with continuous job growth and 
economic growth. The environment theme of a smart city indicates that the city will be able to sustain its 

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function and remain in operation for current and future generations. The governance theme of a smart city 
suggests that the city is robust in its ability to administer policies and combining together the other elements. 
The infrastructure of the smart city includes physical, information and communication technology (ICT), 
and services. The physical infrastructure is the real physical or structural entity of the smart city including 
buildings, roads, railway tracks, power supply lines, and water supply system. The physical infrastructure 
is typically the non-smart component of the smart cities. The ICT infrastructure is the core smart component 
of the smart city which glues together all the other components in essentially acting as the nerve center of 
the smart city. Service infrastructure is based on physical infrastructure and may have some ICT 
components. Examples of service components include mass rapid transit system and smart grids. The 
number of city facilities required as a function of city population can be calculated as follows: 
𝑁
𝑓
=
𝑁
𝑝
(
𝑅
𝑝
𝑌𝑒𝑎𝑟
) (
1 𝑌𝑒𝑎𝑟
𝐷 𝐷𝑎𝑦𝑠
) (
1 𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑟
𝑁
𝑐 
𝑃𝑒𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑒
) (
1 𝐷𝑎𝑦
𝐻 𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
)
where 
N
f
is the number of facilities, 
N
p
is the city population in millions, 
R
p
is the rate per person use in 
year/week, 
D
is days per year, 
N
c
is the customers per hours, and 
H
is the hours per day.