|
The Forsyte Chronicles
The Salvation of a Forsyte (The Salvation of Swithin Forsyte) (1900)
On Forsyte 'Change (1930) (re-published 1986 as "Uncollected Forsyte")
Danaë (1905–06) in Forsytes, Pendyces, and Others (1935)
The Man of Property (1906) – first book of The Forsyte Saga (1922)
"Indian Summer of a Forsyte" (1918) – first interlude of The Forsyte Saga in Five Tales (1918)
In Chancery (1920) – second book of The Forsyte Saga
"Awakening" (1920) – second interlude of The Forsyte Saga
To Let (1921) – third book of The Forsyte Saga
The White Monkey (1924) – first book of A Modern Comedy (1929)
The Silver Spoon (1926) – second book of A Modern Comedy
"A Silent Wooing" (1927) – first Interlude of A Modern Comedy
"Passers-By" (1927) – second Interlude of A Modern Comedy
Swan Song (1928) – third book of A Modern Comedy
Four Forsyte Stories (1929) – "A Sad Affair", "Dog at Timothy's", "The Hondekoeter" and "Midsummer Madness"
Maid in Waiting (1931) – first book of End of the Chapter (1934)
Flowering Wilderness (1932) – second book of End of the Chapter
One More River (originally Over the River) (1933) – third book of End of the Chapter
Other works
Jocelyn, 1898 (as John Sinjohn)
Villa Rubein and Other Stories, 1900 (as John Sinjohn)
A Man of Devon, 1901 (as John Sinjohn)
The Island Pharisees, 1904
The Silver Box, 1906 (his first play)
The Country House, 1907
A Commentary, 1908
Fraternity, 1909
A Justification for the Censorship of Plays, 1909
Strife, 1909 (a play)
Joy, 1909 (a play)
Justice, 1910 (a play)
A Motley, 1910
The Spirit of Punishment, 1910
Horses in Mines, 1910
The Patrician, 1911
The Little Dream, 1911 (a play)
The Pigeon, 1912 (a play)
The Eldest Son, 1912 (a play)
Quality, 1912, an essay
Moods, Songs, and Doggerels, 1912
For Love of Beasts, 1912
The Inn of Tranquility, 1912, an essay
Addresses in America, 1912, essays
The Dark Flower, 1913
The Fugitive, 1913 (a play)
Treatment of Animals, 1913
The Slaughter of Animals For Food, 1913
The Mob, 1914 (a play)
The Freelands, 1915
The Little Man, 1915 (a play)
A Bit o' Love, 1915 (a play)
A Sheaf, 1916
Beyond, 1917
Five Tales, 1918 (Contents: "The First and Last," "A Stoic," "The Apple Tree," "The Juryman," and "Indian Summer of a Forsyte" (the first interlude of The Forsyte Saga)
LECTURE 3. THE LOST GENERATION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE
The concept of "lost generation".
The Writers of the Lost Generation:
Aldous Huxley
James Joyce
Richard Aldington
3. The Death of a Hero by R. Aldington
The Lost Generation was the social generational cohort that came of age during World War I. "Lost" in this context refers to the "disoriented, wandering, directionless" spirit of many of the war's survivors in the early postwar period. The term is also particularly used to refer to a group of American expatriate writers living in Paris during the 1920s. Gertrude Stein is credited with coining the term, and it was subsequently popularized by Ernest Hemingway who used it in the epigraph for his 1926 novel The Sun Also Rises: "You are all a lost generation".
In a more general sense, the Lost Generation is considered to be made up of individuals born between 1883 and 1900. The last surviving person known to have been born in the 19th century died in 2018.
In his memoir A Moveable Feast (1964), published after Hemingway's and Stein's deaths, Hemingway writes that Stein heard the phrase from a French garage owner who serviced Stein's car. When a young mechanic failed to repair the car quickly enough, the garage owner shouted at the young man, "You are all a "génération perdue."While telling Hemingway the story, Stein added: "That is what you are. That's what you all are ... all of you young people who served in the war. You are a lost generation."Hemingway thus credits the phrase to Stein, who was then his mentor and patron.
The 1926 publication of Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises popularized the term; the novel serves to epitomize the post-war expatriate generation. However, Hemingway later wrote to his editor Max Perkins that the "point of the book" was not so much about a generation being lost, but that "the earth abideth forever." Hemingway believed the characters in The Sun Also Rises may have been "battered" but were not lost.
Consistent with this ambivalence, Hemingway employs "Lost Generation" as one of two contrasting epigraphs for his novel. In A Moveable Feast, Hemingway writes, "I tried to balance Miss Stein's quotation from the garage owner with one from Ecclesiastes." A few lines later, recalling the risks and losses of the war, he adds: "I thought of Miss Stein and Sherwood Anderson and egotism and mental laziness versus discipline and I thought 'who is calling who a lost generation?'
Literary themes
The writings of the Lost Generation literary figures often pertained to the writers' experiences in World War I and the years following it. It is said that the work of these writers was autobiographical based on their use of mythologized versions of their lives. One of the themes that commonly appears in the authors' works is decadence and the frivolous lifestyle of the wealthy. Both Hemingway and Fitzgerald touched on this theme throughout the novels The Sun Also Rises and The Great Gatsby. Another theme commonly found in the works of these authors was the death of the American dream, which is exhibited throughout many of their novels. It is particularly prominent in The Great Gatsby, in which the character Nick Carraway comes to realize the corruption that surrounds him.
Notable figures of the Lost Generation include F. Scott Fitzgerald, Gertrude Stein, Ernest Hemingway, T. S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, Jean Rhys[24] and Sylvia Beach.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
