Modal verbs

Modal verbs- permission (past)

• To talk about past permission, we do not usually use a modal
• I was allowed to go on the school trip.
• x I could go on the school trip.
• *exception  Reported Speech
• My parents said I could go on the school trip.

Modal verbs - advice

• SHOULD, OUGHT TO
• To ask for and give advice now, for the future, or generally.
• You should / ought to eat less fast-food.
• When something is not right
• The price on the pocket is wrong, it should be 2.00$ not 3.00$
• When we expect something to happen
• She has been preparing for the exam since 2020, so she should pass
• Ought to
• is more formal and suggestions, or advice that is correct ethically, or correct according to society’s point of view.
• You ought to respect older

Modal verbs – criticism/ regret

• SHOULD / OUGHT TO + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
• To make criticisms about past behaviour/ you didn’t do it but it would have been the right thing to do
• You should / ought to have studied harder for the test.
• I missed the party, I should have come .

Mustn’t, don’t have to and can’t

• Mustn’t
• Prohibition
• You mustn’t eat that! = Don’t eat that!
• (You are not allowed to eat that!)

• Don’t have to
• Don’t need to do
• You don’t have to come school on Sunday

• Can’t
• You believe smth is not possible
• You have just had lunch. You can’t be hungry

Studying abroad

Advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad

• IT MAKES YOU A MORE INTERESTING PERSON
• It’s a cliché, but studying abroad really does broaden your horizons. Being in a foreign country and seeing how other cultures approach life makes you challenge your assumptions. It makes you see things from another point of view, which turns you into a more rounded and more open-minded person.
• IT GIVES YOU SOMETHING TO TALK ABOUT
• Studying abroad will help you become one of those people you have always envied ? someone who can keep a dinner party enthralled with their portfolio of fascinating stories. When you get home from studying abroad you too will have plenty to talk about, from the interesting people you have met, to the amazing sights you have seen. You will also be able to pull out some amusing anecdotes about your attempts to deal with culture shock.