Ministry of the higher and secondary special education of the republic of uzbekistan state world languages university

particular case, be seen as representing an object, as being a 
name
, in such a case 
its value may possibly be identified with the object. But this would be quite a 
special case.) Expressions which are usable to the same effect have equal values, 
they are 
equivalent
, and synonymy is primarily just this kind of equivalence. 
Certain traditional accounts of sentence-meaning make it impossible for 
sentences differing in syntactic form to be synonymous. At first it seems 
unlikely that sentences with different syntactic forms could be synonymous. One 
need not reflect much on the individual words to realize that these two sentences 
are not synonymous:
(1) Honesty is the best policy.
(2) No one jumps higher than Mike. 
Two sentences are synonymous when they have the same meaning. It is of 
course still a matter of debate as to whether the “meaning of a sentence” is itself 
a 
something
: a “proposition” or other abstract, intentional entity, or whether the 
notion of “having the same meaning” can be explicated in some more nominalist 
fashion.
Firstly, as should already be clear, by synonymy here is meant not 
merely sameness of reference or denotation, but sameness of sense or intension, 
assuming any such distinction exists. Secondly, we assume that synonymy is an 
equivalence relation, and hence reflexive, symmetric and transitive. Lastly, 
synonymy is a relation between 
sentences
. This overall approach can be 
summed up as follows: within a given language, beginning with a given 
sentence, it is possible to obtain any synonymous sentence by a number of 
38
Palmer F.R. Semantics. A New Outline, 2
nd
ed. Cambridge Univ Press, 1981. – p. 98

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39 
synonym-for-synonym replacements among the parts. According to Carnap
39
(1956: 59), synonymy of sentences requires “intensional isomorphism”. For a 
simple sign, all that is required for it to be synonymous with another is that it 
have the same intension, which amounts to having the same extension 
necessarily
. In the case of complex expressions, what is required is that each 
constituent sign of the one expression be synonymous with the corresponding
 
constituent of the other. Evidently, in order for there even to 
be 
an appropriate 
corresponding expression for each constituent of the original, the two must have 
the same syntactic structure.