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The Types of Sentences

There are many approaches to classify sentences. Below we shall consider only some of 

them.

B. Ilyish classifies sentences applying two principles:



1) types of communication. Applying this principle he distinguishes 3 types of sentences: 

declarative, interrogative, imperative.

2)  according  to  structure.   Applying  this   principle   he  distinguishes   two  main  types   of 

sentences: simple and composite.

Ch. Fries (31), (32) gives an original classification of types of sentences. All the utterances 

are divided by him into Communicative and Non-communicative.

The Communicative utterances are in their turn divided into 3 groups:

I.

Utterances regularly eliciting “oral” responses only:



A) Greetings. B) Calls. C) Questions.

II. Utterances regularly eliciting "action" responses, sometimes accompanied by one of a 

limited list of oral responses: requests or commands.

III. Utterances regularly eliciting conventional signals of attention to continuous discourse 

statements.

L.   Barkhudarov   (3)   compares   source   (kernel)   sentences   with   their   transforms,   he 

distinguishes several types of sentences from their structural view-point. His classification will 

represent   binary   oppositions   where   the   unmarked   member   is   the   source   kernel   sentence   and 

marked one is the transformed sentence.

The most important oppositions within the limits of simple sentences are the following 

two:

1. Imperative (request) and non-imperative sentences.



2. Elliptical and non-elliptical sentences.

Summarizing the issue about the classification of sentences in the English language, we 

can say that this can be done from different points of view. But the most important criteria so are 

as follows:

1. the criterion of the structure of sentences

2. the criterion of the aim of the speaker

3. the criterion of the existence of all parts of the sentence.

From the point of view of the first criterion sentences fall under two subtypes: simple and 

composite.

The   difference   between   them   is   in   the   fact   that   simple   sentences   have   one   primary 

predication in their structure while composite ones have more than one.

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According  to the  criterion of  the  aim  of  the  speaker  sentences   fall  under  declarative, 

interrogative, imperative and exclamatory.

From  the  point   of  view  of  the  existence  of  all   parts   of  the   sentence  we  differentiate 

elliptical and non-elliptical sentences.

Below we shall consider these types of sentence.


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