SIR WALTER SCOTT
(1771 - 1832)
Sir Walter Scott was a Scottish romantic writer, the first great writer of historical
novels. He was born in Edinburgh on August 15, 1771. His father was an
Edinburgh lawyer and had a large family. Walter, the future writer, was the ninth
of his twelve children. When he was about two years old, the boy fell ill with a
disease that left him lame. His parents thought country air would be good for him
and sent him to his grandparents’ farm. It was a place with hills, crags and ruined
tower. Walter soon became a strong boy. In spite of his lameness he climbed the
hills and rode his pony at a gallop. Walter’s grandparents told him thrilling
Scottish tales. He learned to love the solemn history of Scotland and liked to recite
Scottish ballads and poems.
Scott enjoyed taking trips into the Scottish countryside. These trips gave him
profound knowledge of the life of rural people, and provided material for his first
major publication, “Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border” (1802-1803). This book was
a collection of popular songs and ballads and consisted of three volumes.
At the suggestion of his father, Scott became a lawyer and practiced for fourteen
years. During his business trips he visited the places of famous battles and
collected old ballads. Like many writers belonging to the Romantic trend, Scott,
too, felt that all the good days were gone. He wished to record all the historical
facts he knew before they were forgotten.
At the age of 26 Scott married, and bought a large estate not far from Edinburgh.
There Scott built a fine house in the style of a castle. His house became a sort of
museum of Scottish history and culture.
In 1805 he began to publish his own romantic poems, which attracted the attention
of the reading public. The best were “The Lay of the Last Minstrel” (1805),
“Marmion” (1808) and “The Lady of the Lake” (1810). These poems reproduce
old legends and combine them with historical material. They were written with
great poetic skill and poet became very famous. But when Byron’s wonderful
poems appeared, Scott, to quote his own words, “left the field of poetry to his
rival” who by that time was already a friend of his. He took to writing novels. It
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marked a new period in Scott’s creative work. He declined the honor of poet-
laureate in 1813 because he understood that writing official verses and odes on the
birthdays of members of the royal family would interfere with his creative work.
In 1814 Scott published his “Waverley, or ‘The Sixty Years Since”. This novel
describes a Scottish rebel against England in 1745. As he had an established
reputation as a poet, Scott decided to print his first novel anonymously. The book
was a great success, and everybody wanted to know who the author was. Scott
published many of his novels under the name of “The Author of Waverley”.
During the next seventeen years (1815 - 1832) Scott wrote more than 27 other
novels, four plays and many stories and tales besides. All of his novels were
referred to as part of the Waverley series, because the author was identified on the
title page as “The Author of Waverley”. Scott’s authorship was officially revealed
in 1827, but it had been known for years.
Despite his success and fame, Scott’s last years were sad. They were marked by
illness and financial difficulties brought on by the failure of a publishing company
in which he had an interest. At that time his health was broken down. His doctors
sent him to Italy; but it was too late. Before reaching Italy he had to turn back, and
on his arrival at his estate he died.
Literary critics divide Scott’s works into three groups:
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