Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan Tashkent State University of Economics

Introduction
From the first years of independence of Uzbekistan, great attention has been paid to the development and support of entrepreneurial activity in the Republic. One of the main reasons for the emergence of entrepreneurial activity is the gradual transition of the country's economy to a market economy based on market relations. is one of the main reasons for the transition to the economy.
In a market economy, many opportunities are created for businesses to develop their businesses. Entrepreneurs, who are able to take advantage of the benefits created by the state, are trying to create small businesses that are adapted to the demands of a rapidly changing market, equipped with modern equipment and technology.
It is known that the increase in the number of such enterprises, firstly, increases the competitiveness of the market, and secondly, leads to a higher level of product range and their quality.
As a result of increased competitiveness in the country's market, competitive enterprises are forced to sell a portion of their products, works and services to customers on credit in order to maintain a certain level of sales. As a result, there are many types of debt. This means that the assets of one enterprise, that is, the cash, remain in the possession of another enterprise. In such situations, various problems arise in the process of assessing and recovering receivables and payables. The future development of the enterprise, of course, depends on the timely receipt of funds and repayment of liabilities.
In this regard, it is important to improve the accounting of receivables and payables.
In order to improve the accounting of enterprises in our country, it is necessary to study the methods used in the world and apply them in our practice. The value recognized as a sale between the buyer and the seller is agreed between the two parties and is called the exchange price.
The exchange price is the amount that the debtor (buyer or debtor) has to pay, and this amount is usually confirmed by some economic document, often an invoice. There are two factors that can complicate the process of determining exchange rates:
1- Availability of sales discounts and cash discounts for timely payment,
2 is the period between the date of sale and the date of payment. These two factors mean that the present value of the debt will change over time, i.e., it will decrease due to the use of the sales discount, or it will increase due to the expiration of the due date. Therefore, the most accurate way to estimate receivables and payables is to measure them at their present value.
The present value of receivables and payables is the present value of the cash receivable or payable. If the expected cash inflows or outflows are incurred, then the face value of receivables is not equal to the amount due on demand or the same can be said of accounts payable. This leads to changes in the structure of the company's assets.
It is well known that companies achieve the final financial result that they intend to get from the results of their activities only when they fully use their assets. This means that in order to ensure the full use of assets, on the one hand, it is necessary to pay attention to the issue of receivables and payables.
As a result, the company can achieve the desired financial result from its business activities by introducing a strict austerity system, reducing debts and ensuring the timely repayment of existing ones.
Based on the above considerations, it is confirmed that the topic of accounts receivable and accounts payable in enterprises is one of the most topical issues today.