Microsoft Word Theoretical Course of English Grammar

Nino Kirvalidze
80
Adverbial clauses of time are introduced by the subordinating conjunctions when, as, 
since, before, after, until, as soon as, now that, etc. For example: 
“We lived in London 
when the war ended
.” 
“We had lived in London all through the war 
until it ended
.”
“After the war ended our family moved to Glasgow.” 
Adverbial clauses of place are introduced by the subordinating conjunction 
where
, which 
can be sometimes preceded by the prepositions 
from
and 
to
: 
from where
(bookish equivalent – 
whence) and 
to where
: 
“The swimmers gathered 
where the beach formed a small mound
.” 
“We decided to go back 
from where we had started on our journey
.”
The second group comprises adverbial clauses of manner and comparison. The common 
semantic basis of their functions can be defined as “qualification”, since both of them modify 
the action or event denoted by the main clause. The identification of these adverbial clauses can 
be achieved by applying the question-transformation of the 
how 
-type.
Adverbial clauses of manner are introduced by the subordinating conjunctions: 
as, as if, as 
though
: 
“He spent the evening 
as he had been told
.” (How did he spend the evening?) 
“You talk to him 
as if he were your Boss
.” (How do you talk to him?) 
Adverbial clauses of comparison are introduced by the subordinating conjunctions: 
as … 
as, not so … as, than
. Cf.: 
“That summer he took a longer holiday 
than he had done before
.” 
“Mary received the guests as nicely 
as her mother would have done
.” 
“It is not so hot today 
as it was yesterday
.” 
The third and most numerous group of adverbial clauses includes clauses of different se-
mantics connected with the meaning of the main clause by various circumstantial associations. 
Accordingly, this group comprises clauses of attendant circumstances, condition, cause (reason), 
purpose, result and concession.
Adverbial clauses of attendant circumstances (
თანმხლები
გარემოება
) by their semantics 
are very close to clauses of time. The difference lies in the fact that, unlike clauses of time, the 

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Theoretical Course of English Grammar 
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