Microsoft Word Theoretical Course of English Grammar



Download 0,5 Mb.
Pdf ko'rish
bet81/91
Sana26.05.2022
Hajmi0,5 Mb.
#609447
1   ...   77   78   79   80   81   82   83   84   ...   91
Bog'liq
Theoretical Course of English Grammar (Script)

Nino Kirvalidze
95
Lecture 12 
 
The notion of text: its structural and functional interpreta-
tions. Structural types of text. Grammatical
means of text cohesion. 
We already know that language is regarded as a system of signs which is organized 
by the principle of hierarchy of levels of lingual units. The peculiarity of this hierarchy 
lies in the fact that units of any higher level are formed of units of the immediately lower 
one. Thus morphemes are formed of phonemes, words of morphemes, sentences of words 
and so on.
We also pointed out that the lowest level in the hierarchy of lingual units is a pho-
nemic level, which is formed of phonemes. Phonemes are not signs yet, as they have no 
meaning, but they are material elements for building the higher level units – morphemes 
and words. Their function is purely differential, since they differentiate morphemes and 
words as material bodies. For instance: 
sheep
[

i:p] and 
ship 
[

ip]; 
cat 
[kæt] and 
cap 
[kæp], 
bad
[bæd] and 
bed 
[bed], etc.
The level located above the phonemic is a morphemic or morphological level. 
The morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of a language, therefore the smallest mea-
ningful component of a word. It is built up by a sequence of phonemes or even by one 
phoneme if it has a meaning. For instance, the words 
ros-y; come-s, and boy-s,
consist of 
two morphemes one of which is the root morpheme which is built up by a sequence of 
phonemes, whereas the other morpheme is an inflectional affix represented by a single 
meaningful phoneme, respectively marking the grammatical meaning of quality in – 
ros-
y
, the present tense, the third person and the singular number in – 
come-s,
and the plur-
al number in – 
boy-s

The third level in the lingual hierarchy is the lexemic level represented by words 
as lexical items or lexemes. The word is built up by a sequence of morphemes or one mor-
pheme and it is the smallest designating (naming) unit of a language: it designates things 


Theoretical Course of English Grammar 
Script by prof. 

Download 0,5 Mb.

Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:
1   ...   77   78   79   80   81   82   83   84   ...   91




Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©hozir.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling

kiriting | ro'yxatdan o'tish
    Bosh sahifa
юртда тантана
Боғда битган
Бугун юртда
Эшитганлар жилманглар
Эшитмадим деманглар
битган бодомлар
Yangiariq tumani
qitish marakazi
Raqamli texnologiyalar
ilishida muhokamadan
tasdiqqa tavsiya
tavsiya etilgan
iqtisodiyot kafedrasi
steiermarkischen landesregierung
asarlaringizni yuboring
o'zingizning asarlaringizni
Iltimos faqat
faqat o'zingizning
steierm rkischen
landesregierung fachabteilung
rkischen landesregierung
hamshira loyihasi
loyihasi mavsum
faolyatining oqibatlari
asosiy adabiyotlar
fakulteti ahborot
ahborot havfsizligi
havfsizligi kafedrasi
fanidan bo’yicha
fakulteti iqtisodiyot
boshqaruv fakulteti
chiqarishda boshqaruv
ishlab chiqarishda
iqtisodiyot fakultet
multiservis tarmoqlari
fanidan asosiy
Uzbek fanidan
mavzulari potok
asosidagi multiservis
'aliyyil a'ziym
billahil 'aliyyil
illaa billahil
quvvata illaa
falah' deganida
Kompyuter savodxonligi
bo’yicha mustaqil
'alal falah'
Hayya 'alal
'alas soloh
Hayya 'alas
mavsum boyicha


yuklab olish