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Figure 2-5: Collaboration diagram example 
In the figure below the same information is displayed in a sequence diagram.
bank customer : 
Customer
customer account : 
Account
1: deposit(Real)
Figure 2-6: Sequence diagram example 
2.3.4
 
State chart Diagrams 
A state chart is a model of finite state machines, and is useful for showing the dynamic 
aspects of a system. The state chart diagram contains several items, which are shown in 
Figure 2-7. As can be seen from the figure it has a start state (the filled black circle), one 
or more states (the yellow rounded rectangles), an end state (the filled black circle with a 
surrounding circle) and transitions between them (or to itself). 
Active
Idle
Figure 2-7: State chart diagram example 
States may be nested as well and specifying actions to be performed during entry, exit 
and when events are signaled. The transitions may have guards on them and signal 
events. 

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2.3 Background information: : Unified Modeling Language 
Page 8 of 93 
2.3.5
 
Activity Diagrams 
Activity diagrams are a special kind of state chart diagrams, and add some additional 
elements to it. In specific the additional elements are action states, swimlanes, decision 
points and synchronization points. The activity diagram is useful to focus on internal 
activities of an algorithm for example, where most of the events signal the completion of 
internal actions. 
Action state is a special state, which has an entry action and at least one outgoing 
transition involving the implicit event of completing the entry action. 
Swimlanes helps to organize the responsibilities of activities and sub-activities. 
A decision point can be seen as an “if-then-else” statement, and indicates different 
possible transitions from a state. 
Figure 2-8 shows an activity diagram for the deposit method of the Account class from 
Figure 2-4 above. 
Deposit money
Add amount 
to balance
Check 
amount
Get balance
No negative 
amount