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ß4. Word Cluster
Language is a system. The elements of the language are interrelated and
interdependent.
Word cluster is a group of words which have semantically and phonetically
correlated with identical root morphemes.
For example. to lead, leader, leadership, city, citify, cityism, cityful, cityish,
citywards, cityite, citiness, citied, citiward, cityless; family, familial, subfamily,
superfamily, non - family, familist, familism, non-familial; finger, fingerlet,
fingerling, finger (v), fingered, fin-gerless, fingerish, fingery, unfigered, fingerer,
fingering, re-finger, forefinger, fingerable, fingerative; baron, baronize, baronial,
baronry, barony, baroness, baronage, baronet, baronetical, baronetcy, baronetess,
baro-nethood, baronetship.
The members of a word cluster belong as a rule to different parts of speech
and are joined together only by the identity of the root morpheme.
Now most of the linguists are sure that in the vocabulary system there are
different micro systems or subsystems (
For example. synonyms, antonyms or
homonyms), different lexico-semantic groupings and etc. And word cluster is one
of the subsystems of the vocabulary of such kind.
The terms can give a large word cluster,
For example. the word cluster of
polymer (хим. полимер) include the following words: polymerize, polymerization,
copolymer, copolymerize, cop-olymerization, etc.
The stems of words making up a word cluster enter into derivational
relations of different degrees. The sero degree of derivation is a simple word or a
word which its stem is ho-monymous with a word form and often with a root
morpheme.
For example. boy, atom, devote, girl etc.
Derived words which are formed from the simple stems and which are
formed by the application of one derivational affix are described as words having
the first degree of derivation.
For example. boyish, atomic, girlish, devotion etc.
Derived words which are formed by two stages of coining are the second degree of
derivation.
For example. boyishness, atomi-cal, girlishness, devotional.
The members of the word cluster may be derivatives formed by affixation,
conversion, compounding.
For example. heart, to disheart, to dishearten,
disheartenment, to heart, hearted, he-artedness, to hearten, heartening,
hearteningly, heartful ,hea-rtfully, heartfulness, heartily, heartiness, heartless,
heartlessly, heart lessness, heartlet, heartlike, heartling, heartsome, heart-somely,
hearty.
The structure of a word cluster may be given as a diagram.
derived verb
derived adject
derived noun derived adverb
A word cluster includes the derivatives which are structurally and
semantically related. 1) possess —эгалламоқ (владеть), possession — эгаллаш
(владение), possessioner — хўжайин (владелец) , possessor — хўжайин
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(владелец), possessory — эга бўлмоқ, (относящийся к владению), possessive
— мулкка эга бўлмоқ (относящийся к собственности)
2) read — ўқимоқ (читать), read
adj — ўқимишли (начитанный), read n —
ўқиш (чтение), readable — ўқиб бўладиган (удобочитаемый), readability —
ўқиб бўлишлик (удобочитаемость)
reader — ўқувчи (читатель), readership — ўқувчилар доираси (круг
читателей), reading
n — reading adj — ўқиётган (читающий), reread —қайта
ўқтмоқ ( перечитать)
3) sport n— cпopт (cпopт), sporter — cпopтсмeн (cпортсмен),
sportful —
xyшчақчақ, ҳазилкаш (веселий, шутливый), sporting — спорт билан
шуғулланиш
(увлекающийся спортом), sportless— спорт билан
шуғулланишга шароит бўлмаслик (не распологающий возможностями для
спорта), sporty — спортсменларча (спортсменский), sportsman — спортсмен
(спортсмен), sportsmanlike — спортсменларча (спортсменский),
sportsmanship — спорт бўйича қобилият (спортивное мастерство).
If we can't see these connections we can't include the derivative into a word
cluster.
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