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influenced normalization of the English vocabulary. But at the same time it helped
to preserve the English spelling in its conservative form.
In 1858 one of the members of the English philological society Dr. Trench
raised the question of compiling a dictionary including all the words existing
in the language. The philological society adopted the decision to compile the
dictionary and the work started. More than a thousand people took part in
collecting examples, and 26 years later in 1884 the first volume was published. It
contained words beginning with «A» and «B». The last volume was published in
1928 that is 70 years after the decision to compile it was adopted. The dictionary
was called NED and contained 12 volumes.
In 1933 the dictionary was republished under the title «The Oxford English
Dictionary», because the work on the dictionary was conducted in Oxford. This
dictionary contained 13 volumes. As the dictionary was very large and terribly
expensive scientists continued their work and compiled shorter editions of the
dictionary: «A Shorter Oxford Dictionary» consisting of two volumes. It had the
same number of entries, but far less examples from literature. They also compiled
«A Concise Oxford Dictionary» consisting of one volume and including only
modern words and no examples from literature.
The American lexicography began to develop much later, at the end of the
18-th century. The most famous American English dictionary was compiled by
Noah Webster. He was an active statesman and public man and he published his
first dictionary in 1806. He went on with his work on the dictionary and in 1828 he
published a two-volume dictionary. He tried to simplify the English spelling and
transcription. He introduced the alphabetical system of transcription where he used
letters and combinations of letters instead of transcription signs. He denoted
vowels in closed syllables by the corresponding vowels. He denoted vowels in the
open syllable by the same letters, but with a dash above them,
For example. / a/,
/e/, /i/, /o/, /u/. He denoted vowels in the position before /r/ as the same letters with
two dots above them,
For example./ a/, /o/ and by the 1 etter «e» with two dots
above it for the combinations «en», «ir», «ur» because they are pronounced
identically. The same tendency is preserved for other sounds : /u:/ is denoted by
/oo/,[y]
is used for the sound /j/ etc.
Thus, lexicography is a science of dictionary-compiling. Modern English
lexicography appeared in the 15 th century. In this period English-Latin
dictionaries were in existence. New English Dictionary of Oxford English
Dictionary. It was written from 1888 up to 19 28. It covers the vocabulary of
English with a full historical evidence. It gives the full history of words. It has a
supplement containing neologisms (new words).
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