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3.2.2 EAP in ESL situations.
An increasing amount of EAP work is being done in Anglophone countries in Africa such as 
Zimbabwe, Nigeria and the new South Africa (not strictly Anglophone but using English for 
much tertiary education), and in South – East Asian countries, such as Singapore, Philippines
and to some extent., Malaysia. In these countries (with the exception of Malaysia.) English is 
used throughout the education system, in most cases from the primary school level, in others 
from the secondary level. The language level may, in fact, be quite high, but it has been 
found that many students in these situations need help with adjusting to the demands made 
of them when they begin an undergraduate course. This is particularly the case with students 
from rural areas who may well have had rather less exposure to English and may have been 
less well taught at school level. 
Students` need are in the area of study skills and in adjusting to the abstract nature of the 
language of theory or model building which they may be encountering on a large scale for 
the first time at the beginning of an academic course. Their academic tuition up to tertiary 
level will generally have been in the idea of General English, and is unlikely to have included 
specific preparation for study at university level. It has been often remarked that the needs of 
such students span the needs of non- native speakers in need of developing communication 
skills. The most successful communication skills courses in ESL countries make use of a 
combination of ideas from EAP tradition and the communication skills for native speaker’s 
tradition. A course at Nanyang Technological institute identifies the following three key 
objectives, which are based on the recommendations and advice of professional bodies and 
consultants. 
1.
to communicate technical and business information effectively in the work and 
academic setting in several modes: written, oral, audio- visual, and graphic. 
2.
to adapt material prepared in one form for presentation in another for example to 
adapt a written business proposal for a boardroom presentation.