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Interference from two slits



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Interference and Diffraction

 
Interference from two slits:
Consider the light 
rays from the two coherent point sources made from 
slits a distance 
d
apart (see fig. 3). We assume that 
the sources are emitting monochromatic (single 
wavelength) light of wavelength 
λ
. The rays are 
emitted in all forward directions, but let’s 
concentrate on the rays that are emitted in a 
direction 
θ
toward a distant screen (
θ
measured 
from the normal to the screen, diagram below). One 
of these rays has further to travel to reach the 
screen, and the path difference is given by 
d
×
sin 𝜃

When this path difference is exactly one wavelength 
λ
(or any integer number of wavelengths) the 
interference will be constructive, while when the 
path difference is 
λ
/2, 3
 
λ
/2, 5
 
λ
/2… the interference 
will be destructive.
 
A complete analysis yields a pattern of intensity vs. angle that looks like:
Geometric simplification:
If 
θ
is small, then 
sin 𝜃 ≅ 𝜃
(in radians), and maxima occur on 
the screen at 
𝜃 = 𝑚 𝜆/𝑑
; minima occur at 
𝜃 = 𝑚 +
-
.
𝜆/𝑑
. As shown below, the angle 
θ
(measured from the center of the screen) is related to the distance x measured on the 
screen by 
tan 𝜃 = 𝑥/𝐿
, where 
L
is the distance from the screen to the source of light (the 
aperture). 
If the angle 
θ
is small (less than a few degrees), then to an excellent approximation, 
sin 𝜃

tan 𝜃

 
θ
(in radians) so the locations of the interference maxima are given by 
𝑥
𝐿
= 𝑚
𝜆
𝑑




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