External quality monitoring of educational provision
and ISO9000
There is an issue of how registration for ISO9000 fits in with the processes of external
quality monitoring being put in place by government agencies. In Britain, for example,
the Higher Education Quality Council (HEQC) undertakes audits of the quality assurance
systems in higher education institutions. There is a clear difference between the processes
adopted by the Quality Audit Division of the Council and the third-party approach of
ISO9000 auditors. HEQC’s audits are designed to be sensitive to the mission, practices
and culture of higher education. They follow audit trails to explore how the quality
system works. They are not directly concerned with checking standardised procedures
against specifications in quality manuals.
It is hard to see how the two processes interact. For example, at the University of
Wolverhampton, the auditors did not delegate any elements of their auditing function to
the third-party audits undertaken as part of the ISO9000 process.
Indeed, in their overview of the academic audit process,
Learning from Audit
, the
Council makes just one passing reference to ISO9000 and that was in the context of a
quality ethos, which the Council implies may derive from a variety of sources:
Where audit teams observed a strong ethos and framework for quality, they noted a pervasive
confidence and pride in the university and a ferment of ideas and activity related to teaching and
learning and their development. The University of Wolverhampton, for example, was
commended for the clarity of its BS5750 quality strategy, the vigour of implementation and the
shared understanding displayed by staff at all levels. The University of Leeds and Goldsmiths’
College, University of London, were commended for the active involvement, both formally and
informally, of the Vice-Chancellor and Warden respectively in their quality assurance
arrangements. (HEQC, 1994, p. 5).
HEQC did not, however, go on from this to suggest that ISO9000 might play a wider
role in quality assurance in the sector.
In New Zealand, which has also developed a version of the British academic audit,
there is no sign that there will be any linking with ISO9000. Not only has the head of the
New Zealand Academic Audit expressed scepticism of industry-related quality assurance
processes (Woodhouse, 1994), there is also a sense in which the university sector sees
ISO9000 as the province of those institutions covered by NZQA, which is actively
encouraging ISO9000 and TQM.
Other forms of external monitoring of higher education, such as direct assessment of
discipline areas like those being undertaken on behalf of the Funding Councils in Britain,
make no link at all between the concerns of the assessors and the third-party audits
required for registration against ISO9000.
In the Further Education sector in Britain, Sandwell College is optimistic that its
investment in ISO9000 will also give it a head start when it comes to external monitoring
of the quality of its provision. The guidelines issued by the Further Education Funding
Council (FEFC, 1993) on its quality assessment processes explicitly identifies, amongst
other things, the quality assurance system operating in the institution. These guidelines
appear to closely match the specifications of ISO9000 for education (apart from the
reference to the
Student Charter,
(DFE, 1993a)). However, according to a spokesperson
for the FEFC:
Having BS5750 will be an important part of the evidence but the FEFC inspectors will not take
it as evidence of the quality of provision. Having a system is one thing, the quality of teaching
and learning is another. Where it will be of importance is on the section on quality assurance,
and the inspectorate will not be likely to spend so much time on audit trails, and certainly will
not redo the job done by the BS5750 inspectors.
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