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  Academic leadership at departmental level



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2.4.2  Academic leadership at departmental level 
 
2.4.2.1 Roles and responsibilities of the academic head of department. 
 
Academic HoDs have numerous roles and responsibilities to perform during their term of 
office as academic leaders and managers.  In their performance of the academic 
leadership role, HoDs are expected to promote and encourage excellence in teaching and 
research (Moses & Roe 1990) and to provide long term direction and vision for the 
department (Gmelch & Miskin 1993). As academic managers, they are expected to 
perform the maintenance functions of preparing budgets, maintaining departmental 
records, supervising non-academic staff and maintaining finances, facilities and 
equipment (Gmelch & Miskin 1993). 
 
 Today the new demands placed upon academic managers require that they combine 
intellectual competence with the managerial ability of corporate executives (Martin & 
Samels 1997). For many inexperienced HoDs, this may be one of the biggest challenges 


 
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of their careers. Greene (1996) explains that traditionally HoDs in the UK are professors 
of impressive academic standing and were appointed to office on the basis of their 
research standing. Their work consisted of light managerial functions which allowed 
other academics in the department “the intellectual freedom and autonomy to pursue their 
own academic research ends” (p2). But this is no longer the case. Although they are still 
appointed for their intellectual distinction and some for their administrative ability and 
the expectation that they will guide and develop research and teaching in their disciplines 
(Moodie & Eustace 1974 in Middlehurst 1993), their pre-eminent position and role as 
HoD has been challenged in recent years. This is attributable to governmental, 
institutional and financial pressures which have made the position of HoD more 
demanding. Greater and more effective managerial ability is required. As a result, HoDs 
are now elected or appointed on the according to criteria other than research expertise, 
and are expected to be both an efficient manager and academic leader. They are now 
expected to manage their departmental resources competently as well as provide capable 
academic leadership (Greene 1996). All of this has impacted on the role and function of 
academic HoDs, leading to ambiguity about their role and “where they fit into the 
institutional structure” (Greene 1996:4).  

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