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Complex sentences – Murakkab gaplar.
A. Bo’lishsiz mazmundagi ravish so’zlar va birikmalarda inversiya.
Bu qoidada asosan bo’lishsiz mazmundagi so’zlar va birikmalar gap boshida ishlatiladi va
shuning uchun yordamchi va modal fe’llar egadan oldinga chiqadi. Inversiya qoidasi faqatgina
bosh gaplarda sodir bo’ladi.
Negative words
Examples
1. Hardly (.......when) –
bo’lmagan edi hamki, hali
ulgurmagan edi hamki.
Hardly
had the new law been introduced
when
the mistake was realised.
– Yangi ishlab chiqilgan qonun tanishtirilishga ulgurmagan edi hamki
xatolik o’tganligi payqab qolindi.
2. Scarcely (.......when) –
bo’lmagan edi hamki, hali
ulgurmagan edi hamki.
Scarcely
had I opened the front door
when
I heard a noise from the
kitchen. – Hali eshikni ochib ulgurmagan edim hamki oshxonadan
shovqin eshitildi.
3. Barely (.......when) –
bo’lmagan edi hamki, hali
ulgurmagan edi hamki.
Barely
had we solved one problem
when
another one arose. – Bir
muammoni hal qilib bo’lmagan edik hamki yana bittasi chiqib qoldi.
4. No sooner (...... than) –
bo’lmagan edi hamki, hali
ulgurmagan edi hamki.
No sooner
had the alarm gone off
than
the police arrived. –
Hali
signalizatsiya o’chib o’lgurmagan edi hamki politsiya yetib keldi.
5. Only – faqat. (Boshqa
holatlarda emas)
Only
in an emergency should you dial 999. – Faqat favqulotda holatlarda
999 raqamini tering
6. Only after – faqat ............
keyingina
Only after
I had checked that the burglar had left did I call the police. –
Faqat o’g’ri ketganini bilganimdan keyingina men politsiyaga qo’ng’iroq
qildim.
7. Only when – faqat
qachonki ........... gina
Only when
we agree what measures are needed will we be able to solve
the problem. – Qachonki nima choralar ko’rilishi kerakligini kelishib
olganimizdan keyingina biz muammoni yecha olamiz.
8. Not until - ... maguncha
Not until
the next election will we know how the public feel about the
news. – Navbatdagi saylovlar o’tmaguncha biz odamlarning yangilikka
bo’lgan munosabatini bilib olamiz.
9. At no time/point/stage –
aynan o’sha damda (biror
ishni qilmaganligingizni
yoki o’sha ish-harakat sodir
bo’lmaganiga urg’u berish
uchun ishlatiladi)
At no point
did I realise that he was the Prime Minister. – Ayni o’sha
paytda uning bosh vazir ekanligini bilmagandim.
At no time
did I feel they were being unreasonable. – Aynan o’sha damda
ularning nohaq munosabatda bo’layotganini tushunmabman.
10. In no way – Hech
qanday holatda. (Biror bir
ishni qilishning imkoniyati
yo’qligiga o’rg’u berish
uchun ishlatiladi)
In no way
does the decision represent a change in a government policy. –
Hech qanday holatda ham bu qaror hukumat siyosatida bo’layotgan
o’zgarishni ifodalay olmaydi.
11. Little – kam, oz (Gapda
bo’lishsiz ma’no hosil qilish
uchun ishlatiladi)
Little
did Ralph know that the burglar was still inside his house. - Ralf
o’g’ri hali ham uyida ekanini bilmagan edi.
12. Never – hech qachon.
Never
have I heard such a ridiculious suggestion! – Hech qachon
bunaqangi axmoqona taklifni eshitmagan ekanman!
13. Not – siz (biror ish-
harakat bajarilmaganligiga
urg’u berish uchun
ishlatiladi)
Not
one vote did the proposal receive. – Birorta ovozsiz taklif qabul
qilinibdi.
14. Not only ... but also/too
– nafaqat ...balki ... ham
Not only
has this government failed
but
it has
also
stolen ideas from
other parties. – Bu hukumat nafaqat muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchragan balki
u boshqa partiyalardan g’oya ham o’g’irlagan ekan
14. On no account –
bekordan bekorga, sababsiz
On no account
should you try to tackle a burglar yourself. – Bekordan
bekorga kishi o’g’irlik qilishga harakat qilmasa kerak.
15. Rarely – kamdan kam
Rarely
do the newspapers present a balanced view of current events. –
Hozirgi gazetalar kamdan kam bo’layotgan voqealarni to’g’ri tahlil
qiladi.
16. Seldom - kamdan kam
Seldom
do people leaving prison stay out of trouble. – Qamoqdan
chiqqan odam kamdan kam tashvishsiz yashaydi.
17. Under no circumstances
– asossiz, hech gapdan hech
gap yo’q
Under no circumstances
will we accept an increase in working hours. –
Asossiz ravishda ish soatlarini uzaytira olmaymiz.
NOTE:
Only after, not until
va
only when
bog’lovchilari ishlatilgan gaplarda bosh gap ergash
gapdan keyin turadi. Shuning uchun gapda xuddi ergash gapdagi yordamchi va modal fe’llar
egadan oldinga chiqayotganga o’xshaydi.
Only when
we agree what measures are needed will we be able to solve the problem. –
Qachonki nima choralar ko’rilishi kerakligini kelishib olganimizdan keyingina biz muammoni
yecha olamiz.
Not until
this government realises what a mistake it is making will things change. – Bu hukumat
qanaqa xato qilayotganini payqasagina narsalar o’zgaradi.
B. O’rin – joy ravishlarining egadan oldinga chiqishi inversiyasi.
Model: Adverbial expressions of place + verbs of movement/position
Bu qoidada o’rin-joyni bildirgan so’zlar egadan oldinga chiqadi va shunga ko’ra gapdagi
mustaqil va yordamchi fe’llar egadan oldinga chiqadi.
Expressions of place
Examples
Here – mana
Here
comes the Minister now. – Mana vazir ham keldi.
There – U yerda
There
stood the next king of England. – U yerda Angliyaning
bo’lg’usi qiroli turardi.
Adverbial phrases. –
Ravishli birikmalar
At the top of the society
are the aristocracy. – Jamiyatning boshida
oqsuyaklar turadi.
Beside the Town Hall
stood the public library. – Taun Xolning
yonida jamoat kutubxonasi joylashgan.
On the corner of the street
sat a homeless man. – Ko’chaning
burchagida uysiz odam o’tirardi.
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