Microsoft Word 2007 ichrie conference Proceedings Final-Final 06-06-07. doc

 
2007 Annual International CHRIE Conference & Exposition 
401
Figure 1 
Relationships between Subsets of Emotional Intelligence 
(adapted from Jerabek, 2003 and Mayer & Salovey, 1997)
Cultural Impact
Cultural beliefs and traditions impact a way an individual thinks and reacts to the stimuli around them. It 
almost always affects their relationships and behaviors when communicating and relating to others. Kluckhophn 
(1951) stated: 
Culture consists in patterned ways of thinking, feeling and reacting, acquired and transmitted mainly by 
symbols, constituting the distinctive achievements of human groups, including their embodiments in 
artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional (i.e. historically derived and selected) ideas and 
especially their attached values.
 
(p.86)
Markus and Kitayama (1991) identified that in the American and Western Europe cultures independence is 
valued, as is self preservation. Western cultures appreciate their uniqueness from others, and feel assertiveness is 
important. In Japanese, other Asian, African, Latin-American, and Southern European cultures emphasis is placed 
on fitting in with and adapting to others. They referred to this behavior as “harmonious interdependence” (p. 224).
Hofstede and McCrae (2004) defined culture as “the collective programming of the mind that distinguishes 
one group or category of people from another” (p. 58). This implies that culture is an individual attribute, 
behavioral in nature and is common to a culture of people but not necessarily indicative of a specific individual. 
Hofstede (2001) identified five dimensions of national culture: power distance (PDI), individualism (IDV), 
masculinity (MAS), uncertainty avoidance index (UAI), and long-term orientation (LTO). 
PDI refers to the extent to which society accepts and expects that power is unequally distributed.
This 
concept is apparent in both social class distinctions as well as seniority at both work and home. Some areas with 
high PDI include Eastern Europe, Hispanic, Arab and Asian countries. Areas with low to moderate PDI include 
Australia, Western Europe, the United States, and Scandinavian countries. 
IDV refers to a society in which people are responsible for themselves and their immediate family only. In 
contrast, individuals in a collectivism society view themselves as part of a larger entity which provides protection as 
a reward for loyalty. Some areas with high IDV include Australia, the United States, and Western Europe while low 
IDV scores were found in Central and South America, as well as Asian regions.
Overall 
Emotional 
Intelligence 
 
Behavioral 
How one acts 
emotionally 
 
Knowledge 
Theoretical knowledge 
of how to relate 
emotionally 
Ability to
Express Emotion 
Good impulse control 
Communicative 
Goal Orientation & 
Motivation 
Intrinsically motivated
Self-Disciplined 
Social Insight & 
Empathy 
Recognize emotions 
and motivation of 
others 
Emotional
Insight into Self 
High self-esteem 
Adaptable 
Level 
Two Sub-
scores 
Level One
Sub-scores 

---