i
i
i
B
b
b
x
u
, (4)
But for symmetric boundaries
i
i
i
b
b
b
,
according to the formula
3
)
(
i
i
B
b
x
u
(5)
In the case of other laws, the distribution of the
formula for calculating the type B uncertainty will
be the other. In particular, if one value of their
value 100 is known, this value is taken as an
estimate. The standard uncertainty is calculated by
the formula :
,
)
(
k
U
x
u
p
i
B
Where U
p
– is widened uncertainty, k –
coverage ratio.
If the coverage factor is not indicated taking
into account the avaible information, assumes the
probability of distributing the uncertainty of the
value of X
i
.
If such information is not avaible to determine
the coverage factor, you can use the table data 2.
The
coverage
coefficient
for
uniform
distribution is defined as follows. For symmetric
boundaries of the final uniform distribution , the RMS
is calculated by the formula. Then the expanded
uncertainty can be written in the form
3
b
k
U
p
.
With the expanded uncertainty of the corresponding
probabilities P=0,95 and the boundary of the uniform
distribution b=1, coefficient k=0.95 with extended
uncertainty, the probability P=0.95 of the coefficient
k=0.9995.
In the calculations, it was assumed that both the
area and the uniform distribution correspond to unity
and, accordingly,
If the boundaries of the sum are known and the
systematic error distributed over a uniform law is not
ruled out or the uncertainty is expanded in terms of
the concept of uncertainty, only the truth of water, the
inclusion of excluded systematic errors depends on
the confidence probability. Coefficient of coverage
k=1.1, Р=0,95; k=1,4, Р=0,99 [1,3].
The uncertainty of the output quantities can be
correlated. To calculate the correction factor, use the
matching according to the measurement results, where
w = 1, 2, …n
ij
; n
ij
– the coordination numbers from
the measurement results. The calculation is carried
out according to a known form and statistics and
probability
ij
iq
ij
n
w
j
qw
n
w
i
iw
n
w
j
qw
i
iw
j
i
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
r
1
2
1
2
1
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
,
(7)
The significance of the correlation coefficient is
determined by the absence criterion or the presence of
a connection between the arguments.
ESTIMATION OF THE MEASURED VALUE
AND UNCERTAINTIES
The evaluation of the measuring
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