Международный научно-образовательный электронный журнал

Xulosa: 
boshlang’ich sinf matematika darslarida interfaol metodlardan foydalanish 
darsning samarali bo’lishiga , o’quvchilarning aqliy qobilyatlarini o’stirishga va 
mustaqil fikrlashga keng yo’l ochib beradi.Matematika fanlarini o’qitishga yangi 
texnik vositalar, shu, jumladan, kompyutr va boshqa axborot texnologiyalarining jadal 
kirib kelayotgan hozirgi avrda fanlararo uzviylikni ta’minlash maqsadida informatika
fani yutuqlaridan foydalanish dolzarb masalalardan biridir. 
FOYDANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR: 
1.O’zbekiston Respublikasining “Kadrlar tayyorlash milliy dasturi”/Barkamol 
avlod - O’zbekiston taraqqiyotining poydevori.-Toshkent:Sharq nashriyot matbaa 
konserni.1997. 

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2.O’zbekiston Respublikasining :Ta’lim to’g’risidagi “ qonuni( 1997 yil 29 
avgustda qabul qilingan) ”/Barkamol avlod - O’zbekiston taraqqiyotining
poydevori.-Toshkent:Sharq nashriyot matbaa konserni.1997. 
3. O’zbekiston Respublikasi Vazirlar Mahkamasining “Umumiy o’rta ta’lim 
ning davlat ta’lim standartlarini tasdiqlash to’g’risidagi qarori ( 1999 yil 16 
avgust) xalq ta’limi. 1999. 
4 Ijodkor o’qituvchi jurnali 11-son 2021-yil 

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ФИО авторов: 
Kuzieva Nodira O'ktamboy qizi 
2nd year student of the Faculty of History of urSU 
Khayitbayev Zafarbek Zarifbay o'g'li 
2nd year student of the Faculty of History of urSU 
Название публикации:
«TRADE RELATIONS BETWEEN KHIVA KHANATE 
AND IRAN INDIA» 
Annotation: 
This article discusses the impact of bilateral trade relations, trade 
products, economic diplomacy and trade relations between the Khiva Khanate and 
Iran-India on diplomacy between the states. 
Keywords:
Khiva, Iran, India, trade, economy, cotton, city, finance, Bukhara, 
Samarkand. 
Both the invitation of the missionaries and the diplomatic agreements with force of 
armssubmission is also the exchange of nations' vital needs and advantages, ie 
trade.cannot be combined like sales. In this regard, the Khorezm region has strong 
trade ties with neighboring states, and at its time as one of the largest shopping 
centers in Central Asia / arbIt played an important role in the economic relations of 
the East. Variety of Khiva caravanserais one of the many goods from which traders 
came and brought them, some were sold in Khiva, while the rest spread to other 
places through transit. Because of this, Khorezm has its own dense and prosperous 
cities and markets famous in history with . An Italian merchant who came to visit 
Balduchi Pegalotti in 1340: “There is no need to enter Asia, because Urgench, the 
capital of Khorezm, has everything you need for the European market goods can be 
bought,” he said. Also new is the changed international situation of the 16th and 18th 
centuries, the rise of the waterways in the trade relations of the East. Although they 
pose great challenges, being neighbors the Central Asian khanates could not 
completely end traditional trade relations with Khiva, the center of the inland , 
Foreign and transit trade of the Khiva Khanate, cities like Khanka, Hazarasp, Yangi 
Urgench, Gurlan are in Russia and many more besides the eastern countries, it has 
close trade ties with neighboring Iran. The history of these trade relations is very old 
and traditionalhas arrived. From the 10th century, Khorezm merchants came from the 
Near and Middle East, Iran,They began to go to Iraq. In the Middle Ages from Iran to 

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Khorezm famous “Kazerun” fabrics, “Minoy” tiles, ceramics and Chandeliers, 
perfumes, carpets, agricultural products. Memoirs of the Arab traveler Ibn Battuta 
(1333) by the upper classes in Khorezm. Among the representatives are Iraqi jugs, 
beautiful Iraqi glass vessels used extensively by great traders and quoted can be 
learned. Information about the 16th century is also traditional in the relations 
between Khorezm and IranA. Jenkenson writes of the Urgench markets “The main 
goods sold in the markets here are imported from Bukhara or Iran. In 1615, he was 
sent by the Khan of Khiva to the palace of the Russian Tsar. Many gifts include 
greetings: the list of red silk and red steel daggers dates back to the 17th century, also 
brought many handicrafts from Iran to Khorezm among the craftsmen of the two 
countries shows indicates that there is an opportunity to share certain experiences.It 
is included in the collection of letters No. 289, kept by the FA SHI FoundationIn the 
letter of the ruler of Bukhara to Iran (XVII century) Jacob together with the message 
that directed by a doctor and a group of craftsmen, namely "A skilled seamstress who 
embroiders on velvet, a famous jeweller, a master of porcelain, a master who could 
turn copper into gold without the use of pottery and chemicals It is reported that that 
it will be sent to Iran. However, this information comes from Khiva although not 
related to the Khanate, the above interactions and is an example of the exchange of 
skills and experience between nations. In 1647, Ivashka, a Russian merchant in Khiva, 
wrote: Khorasan merchants who came to trade.if we look at the composition of goods 
in shops and markets, the two countries.We see merchants who deal in a variety of 
products possible. Central Asian traders from India, along with Indian goods such as 
pepper and ginger, brought Isfahan silk fabrics called "Hud-Bof" D. Valieva reported 
that silk, sugar, turquoise and A grain that forms the basis of Iran's exports is worth 
30 rupees lists the Kermanshah cloths and tobacco used. Among the goods exported 
from Iran to both khanates (Bukhara and Khiva).In addition to silk, there were horses. 
Also some of the Khiva Khanates from Iran medicines are also listed. The "trade 
relations of the Russian trader D. Rukavkin with Iran, Bukhara and there in the "Khiva 
Khanate" with other (neighboring) territories and Bukhara gold and silversmiths "in 
the 18th century th century from Iran to Khorezm with the confirmation of relations 
between Khiva and Iran gold and silver commodities, in addition to many handicrafts 
(albeit anonymously).In addition to its falsified coins in the Khanate, Bukhara's gold 
coins,Together with the Dutch cherubs, the Iranian rials of silver coins the Information 
about the transaction continued traditionally Khorezm gives an idea of the scale of 
foreign economic relations In Khorezm silver coins imported from Bukhara and Iran 
to promote trade Khorezm traders transport their goods. As in Iran's foreign trade, 

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Khorezm and the I ran play a major role in trade "Kolochi" of Khiva khanate traders 
with Russia Those who traded with Bukhara, Iran and Afghanistan were called 
"steamers". 
Traders from Central Asia import silk, Astrakhan leather, lambskin, sesame, wheat and 
Turkmen horses. Iran, Afghanistan, India,Products from Central Asia to countries like 
Russia Silk fabrics made by Khorezmian masters.The merchants themselves brought 
Khiva silk in exchange for the goods they brought to Khiva Khiva and Russian coins 
minted together, as well as a large amount of leather.They took Russian goods like 
Movut. Various coins of various denominations, including Turkish and Russian coins, 
were used in 17th-century Iran along with "Abbasid" money. Therefore, Khorezm and 
Iranian traders who traded in Russian goods are good at making a profit. Central Asian 
traders in particular are reluctant to export local goods to Iran.Outside tea, paper, 
"Russian leather", chit, handkerchief, movut, mirror, crystal, porcelain, iron and miss 
utensils, pots, temi-rva chests.Re-export of products and Russian and domestic 
minted coins those who did. Also, their medium-quality fabrics, silk and cotton fabrics, 
a variety of fabrics, including goods brought to Orenburg for sale indicates that the 
amount is significant. In particular, the historian Muhammad Kozim A merchant 
caravan of Khiva Khan Shergozikhan (1714-1728) arriving in Mashhad, a variety of 
cloth (it is unknown what kind of cloth) and the sale of horses and mules. Khorezm 
historians with many cloths and innumerable different goods Two hundred Khorezm 
merchants on the way to Mashhad (1804) is also worth mentioning. As for the 
information about horses and mules being sold in Mashhad, selling large quantities 
of mules bred in Bukhara and Khiva and other pilgrims to Iran, Baghdad, Damascus 
and Egypt, most sources. 
Economic relations of the Uzbek khanates, including the Khiva Khanate, with India 
and diplomatic relations have a long history. Late 18th and 20th centuries At the 
beginning of Khiva trade caravans Calcutta, Kashmir, Astrabad, Mazandaran. They 
traded with large commercial and industrial cities such as Lohur. With India. Trade 
passed mainly through Kabul. From India to the Khanates Kimkhob, Doka, Haydar silk, 
yarn, shawls of silk and English wool, colored silk, white handkerchiefs embroidered 
with flowers, pepper, sugar, breadcrumbs, deer antlers, paper, henna, cumin and 
other things were brought. There is much neutral color from Punjab to Bukhara and 
Khiva were brought in crowds. This raw material is textile and is exported to Russia 
was important for. Cashmere handkerchiefs of different colors were brought. English 
silk fabrics from India, from Peshawar via Bukhara to the middle White and airy 

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clothing, rice, snuff, camel leather, scales made of this leather and arithmetic error 
scales were brought in in large quantities. Most of the Indian trade caravans are 
English, like the Iranian trade caravans are capitalists and to the Central Asian 
markets. They sold most of their goods for gold. From the British gold coins, khanates 
in the country due to long-standing such behavior the amount of gold in their 
treasuries gradually decreased. The British government in this regard had its own 
policy, which was intended to weaken economic nature. Handicrafts exported from 
Khiva to India originated from there They spread to European countries.Of the 
khanates again brought to India various garments made of silk and silk, goat tiviti and 
good horses would go to India. Trade relations between India and Uzbek Khanate 
Usury capital began to flow to Turkestan. In the 1930s and 1950s Indian usurers 
borrowed money and made huge profits like they would. Another group of usurers 
are practiced in wholesale trade; They trade some goods from Khiva and other city 
markets, buying them from caravans and selling them at a high price.