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ФИО автора:
MA student of UzSWLU
Begaliyeva Zarnigor
ФИО научного руководителя:
Madrahimov T.
Название публикации:
«SEMANTIC FEATURES OF PHRASEOLOGICAL
UNITS WITH FOOD COMPONENTS»
Abstract:
Each nation has its own phraseological units, which have their own
characteristics. Phraseological units are a treasure trove of language that represents
the history, culture, and way of life of any nation. They are figurative and broad
linguistic units that most accurately reflect man-made images. The article discusses
the importance of gastronomic idioms and how they reflect the ethnic and cultural
identity of a particular nation. Gastronomic idioms can be analyzed from three
different perspectives, namely international, national, and local. The article proves
that fruit and vegetable phrases are the best option to know the nation and its
traditions.
Keywords:
phraseological units, expressions, gastronomic,figurative,cultural
identity,ready made,semantic units
Phraseologisms are symbols of any nation and can describe the history and
culture of any nation. Idioms in English and Uzbek were taken from various
lexicographical works and analyzed from a cultural perspective. Several English
idioms were studied, and it became clear that they had a strong connection with
history and a close connection with religion. Since most idioms are taken from books,
they have a deep meaning. The article analyzes the idiomatic units in English using
Uzbek equivalents and finds that most idiomatic units express the identity of a nation
living in an ethnic community in a broad cultural context. Although most idioms
appear in different centuries, they have very close or even similar meanings
Most of the vegetable-component phraseological units in the lexical-semantic group
reflect mental illnesses, their negative aspects, which may be related to the fact that
they require more mental labor. With a few examples, we will prove our point of
view: Coach potato (жуда дангаса инсон), cool as a cucumber (совуққон), not the
clean potato (шубҳали инсон), to be off one’s onion (ақлдан озиш), etc…
The specific taste of the cucumber was also used in negative content in the idiom
бодрингча маза матраси йўқ (there is no any taste even as a cucumber). Cucumbers
are not sweet, some are bitter. So this character of the vegetable is transferred in
relation to the character of a person who constantly speaks nonsense. There are also
several phraseological units with a fruit components that express the negative
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meaning of human beings, bad apple (ғаразли ёмон инсон), one bad apple spoils the
(whole) bunch (тирақи бузоқ бодани бузадт), a bad apple/rotten apple (бундан нон
чиқмайди), low hanging fruit (лапашанг), fruitcake (бесўнақай), not to give a fig
(дунёни сув босса пинагини бузмайди)
The application of fruit and vegetable idioms in the expression of human feelings is
based on the appearance of fruits or vegetables. For example, the phrase red as a beet
in English is used in relation to a person who blushes from shame. The image of the
red color of the red beet forms the basis of the image. Uzbeks also use the phrase beet
component in relation to a person who blushes from shame. The phrase ловлагиси
чиқиб кетди represents a man who is ashamed. If the French say rouge comme une
tomato, that is, blushed like tomatoes, the Russian people reflect the characteristic of
getting red in the process of cooking the crab красный как рак (red as crab
The expression, беш олти қовун пишиғи бор (it has five or six melon ripens), is
used in place of the year among the people. Melon ripens once in a year, summer and
autumn. People use this idiom comparing a young man with lack of knowledge and
experience to a skillful and experienced one, you can say that he still has five or six
melons, until he reaches the old hand man, it means he has five or six years until he
reaches him. (Sh. Shomoqsudov 2018) Due to its geographical location and climate,
melon and watermelon is one of the most desirable melons of the Uzbek people, and
the phrases used with this component clearly indicate the character of the Uzbek
nation.
Phraseological units related to food names play an important role in linguistics,
as well as idioms that are components of food in the formation of phraseological
units. The existence of phraseological units with food is necessary for any nation to
express its reaction to events or to express its feelings about situations. Typically,
each food product is characterized by unique characteristics. For example, some of
them may be sweet, while others may be bitter and sour. Analyzing the
phraseological units available in both languages, we can observe that the sweet taste
of some idioms serves to express good or positive qualities of a person, while the
bitter or sour taste serves to reflect people’s difficulties and negative qualities.
However, depending on the culture of the country, the national worldview, the food
products that represent these characteristics may differ in both languages.
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