Mechatronics and robotics

residual risk
– остаточный риск 
estimation
– оценка, подсчет 
preventively
– в целях предотвращения 
appropriate
– соответствующий 
demand
– требование, запрос 
to a great
extent
– в большой степени 
transparency
– прозрачность 
 
2.
 
Прочитайте и переведите текст.
 
Due to its varied applications and permanent use in industry, 
machinery is associated with high number of occupational accidents 
causing high social costs connected with incapacity of employees to work. 
This situation is reflected in the ever increasing strictness of the 
requirements on machinery safety. The directive 2006/42/EC toughens up 
the requirements on performance and documentation of the risk assessment 
process for all phases of the life cycle of machinery prior to issue of 
declaration of conformity. According to this directive, machine designers 
must identify all hazards that could occur during the whole life cycle of the 
machine, estimate the risks of these hazards and take preventive measures 
for reduction of risk in hazards reaching unacceptable size of risk. 
Moreover, they should consider not only the intended use of the machine, 
but also any reasonably foreseeable misuse. For the identified hazards with 
unacceptable size of risk, the designer must propose measures for their 
reduction in the following order of priorities: constructional measures, 
safety measures, information for use of the machine.

---

33 
The integration of risk management into the machinery design 
process identified hazards with acceptable size of risk (so called residual 
risk) must be included in the instructions for use of machinery in order to 
fulfill the requirement of the directive on making the customer aware of 
these risks. The described process of hazard identification and gradual 
reduction of risk for assurance of machinery safety can be described as 
“risk management”. 
In general sense, however, risk management is perceived as a tool for 
management of financial risks in the first place, where risk is a wasted 
opportunity. For this reason, in this work we use the term “technical risk 
management” in order to stress the different philosophy of risk 
management. The financial aspect of risk reduction can be taken into 
consideration only when selecting the form of fulfillment of the machinery 
directive requirements, if, however, the current state of the art and 
technical requirements allow alternative methods of risk reduction. 
According to the available statistical data, approximately 80 % of all 
occupational accidents are due to incorrect or insufficient estimation of 
risk. This fact itself presents a significant hazard with unacceptable risk in 
the process of machinery design. Application of a methodological 
procedure supporting the design of safe machinery is a possibility how to 
preventively reduce this risk. 
The concept of safe design and construction of machinery has been 
integrated into a number of methods of scientific design, these methods can 
be successfully applied only by highly qualified specialists. Most of the 
small and medium-size enterprises do not have enough personnel with 
appropriate qualification for application of the scientific design methods. 
For this reason it was necessary, on the basis of the demand from industry, 
to develop such a methodological procedure. 
The presented system approach to technical risk management 
objectifies to a great extent identification of hazards and estimation of 
risks. At the same time, it supports realization of risk analysis for all 
phases of life cycle of a machine. This approach increases transparency of 
the whole risk assessment process and helps to estimate the risks correctly 
and thoroughly. It has been several times successfully applied in industry 
on multifunctional machine tools. 

---

34