Mechanical Characterization of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Sealants

List of tables 
Table 3-1: Common compositional modifier for silicate-based glass-ceramic sealants [58].
 ................... 16 
Table 3-2: The relations between porosity and elastic modulus.
 ................................................................ 24 
Table 3-3: Creep exponents and diffusion paths for various creep mechanisms [143].
 ............................ 36 
Table 3-4: Elastic moduli of typical SOFC materials.
 ................................................................................ 41 
Table 3-5: Fracture toughness of typical SOFC ceramics.
 ........................................................................ 44 
Table 3-6: Creep parameters of the power law model determined by 4-point bending test on Ni-YSZ 
cermet [140]. Note the pre-exponent has different definition in reference data.
 ........................................ 47 
Table 3-7: Elastic moduli of typical SOFC sealant materials.
 ................................................................... 49 
Table 3-8: The fracture strength of the typical sealant materials.
 ............................................................. 51 
Table 3-9: The sealants tested by different shear tests.
 .............................................................................. 53 
Table 4-1: Double torsion tests: Investigated materials.
 ............................................................................ 55 
Table 4-2: Ni-8YSZ materials tested with respect to creep
 ......................................................................... 56 
Table 4-3: Chemical composition of sealant material H-Ag and H-F.
 ....................................................... 57 
Table 4-4: Chemical composition of sealant material 7.5 B (Ba) and 10B (Sr).
 ........................................ 57 
Table 4-5: Details of double torsion tests.
 .................................................................................................. 62 
Table 4-6: Compressive creep tests.
 ........................................................................................................... 64 
Table 4-7: Ring-on-ring creep tests.
 ........................................................................................................... 66 
Table 4-8: The anode specimens and testing conditions of four-point bending creep tests.
 ...................... 67 
Table 4-9:
 
Data from 4-point bending test in this work used in the FEM simulation of creep.
 ................. 68 
Table 4-10:
 
Performed four-point tests on head-to-head and bar-shaped specimens along with the 
number of tested specimen.
 ......................................................................................................................... 69 
Table 4-11: Performed three-point tests on bar-shaped specimens along with the test number.
 ............... 71 
Table 4-12: Performed torsion tests on joined plate specimens.
 ................................................................ 72 
Table 5-1: Fracture toughness of NiO-3YSZ and NiO-8YSZ was measured under 1000 µm/min at room 
temperature in air.
 ...................................................................................................................................... 78 
Table 5-2: Fracture toughness of NiO-8YSZ in type 4 and NiO-3YSZ along with their reduced state.
 ..... 79 
Table 5-3: The fracture toughness of anode materials in oxidized state at room temperature and 800°C.
81 
Table 5-4: The obtained fracture toughness of three different types of NiO-8YSZ and Ni-8YSZ.
 .............. 83