Lycos
http://www.lycos.com
1994 yilning oxiridan ishlayotgan qidiruv tizimi. Eng keksa ommaviy qidiruv
sistemalardan biri bo„lib, keng foydalanuvchilar doirasiga ega.
http://www.dejanews.com
http://www.shareware.com
Quyidagi jadvalda ommabop qidiruv tizimlaridan foydalanish reytingi
ko„rsatkichlari keltirilgan. Jadvalda Yahoo qidiruv tizimi foydalanuvchilari soni
salmoqli ekanligi yaqqol ko„rinadi.
№
Qidiruv tizim nomi
2000 yil yanvar oyida
foydalanganlar soni
1.
yahoo.com
44.698.000
2.
lycos.com
27.121.000
3.
go.com
19.487.000
4.
excite.com
15.552.000
5.
altavista.com
11.969.000
6.
snap.com
10.923.000
7.
looksmart.com
8.812.000
8.
askjeeves.com
7.631.000
9.
goto.com
7.208.000
10.
iwon.com
6.480.000
Rossiya ommaviy qidiruv tizimlari
Rambler
http://www.rambler.ru
Rossiya eng katta qidiruv tizimi. 10500 Rossiya serverlarida qidiruv olib boradi.
Aport
http://www.aport.ru
Qidiruvni Rossiya va ingliz tilli serverlarda olib boradi. So„rovni rus tiliga tarjima
qiladi.
Yandex
http://www.yandex.ru
9000 ta Rossiya serverini o„z ichiga olgan qidiruv tizimi.
Tela
http://www.tela.dux.ru
1000 Rossiya serverini qamrab olgan DUX kompaniyasining qidiruv tizimi.
All Stars
http://www.stars.ru
Axborot resurslari bo„ylab ma‟lumotnomali qidiruv tizimi.
Ulitka
http://www.ulitka.ru
Internet
ning rus tilidagi resurslariga ega bo„lgan eng yosh qidiruv tizimi.
O‘zbekiston qidiruv tizimi
Assalom InterNet
http://www.assalom.uz
O„zbekistondagi birinchi qidiruv tizimi. Resurslarini ko„paytirish imkoniyatlari
mavjud.
Welcome to Uzbekistan
http://www.gov.uz
O„zbekiston Respublikasi hukumati sahifasi. Rasmiy axborot, Oliy majlis qarorlari
haqida ma‟lumot beradi.
Uzbekistan Reference
http://www.book.uz
O„zbekiston Respublikasi haqidagi axborotni o„z ichiga oladi.
http://
www.freenet.uz
Respublika internet resurslari haqidagi ma‟lumotlar keltiriladi.
http://
www.esezam.uz
Markaziy Osiyo, Kavkaz va Rossiya axborotlashgan portali. Hudud internet
resurslari haqida batafsil ma‟lumotlar berilgan. Mamlakatlarga oid ensiklopedik
ma‟lumotlar keltirilgan.
INTERNETDA UCHRAYDIGAN FAYLLAR RO’YXATI
*.a
Kompilyatsiyalangan protseduralar bibliotekasi.
*.afm
Adobe Font Metrics -- PostScript shrift belgilari guvohnomalari.
*.ai
Fayl PostScript.
*.aif,
*.aifc,
*.aiff
Audio-ma‟lumotlar.
*.ar
ar dastur arxivi.
*.arc
arc, pkarc yoki arca/arcb dastur arxivi.
*.arj
arj dastur arxivi.
*.asm
Isxodnыy tekst programmы na Assemblere.
*.au
Format xraneniya zvuka.
*.avi
Format xraneniya videoizobrajeniya.
*.b
Vstroennыy redaktor.
.bak
Staraya versiya nekotorogo fayla.
*.bas
Isxodnыy tekst programmы na yazыke Basic (GWBasic, TurboBasic,
QuickBasic).
*.bat
Nabor komand.
*.bgi
Borland Graphics Interface. Dinamicheski podgrujaemaya biblioteka
graficheskix programm-drayverov, zavisyaщix ot tipa videoadaptera.
*.bmp
Rastrovыy graficheskiy format. .C V Unix arxiv programmы compact.
*.c
Isxodnыy tekst programmы na yazыke C.
*.cfg
Konfiguratsionnыy fayl programmы.
*.cgi
WWW-server pod Unix. Zapuskaemaya programma, rabotayuщaya po
protokolu Common Gatawey Interface (vxodnыe dannыe -- v
peremennoy okrujeniya QUERY_STRING pri metode GET ili v
standartnom vvode stdin pri metode POST). Mojet bыt lyubыm
zapuskaemыm faylom.
.*clo,
*.cls
Opisaniya klassov dokumentov i makroopredeleniy TEX.
*.com
Ispolnyaemыy dvoichnыy fayl.
*.cpp
Isxodnыy tekst programmы na yazыke C++.
*.cpt
Arxiv programmы CompactPro (Macintosh).
*.ddi
Disk Dupe Image. Obraz disketы, sozdannыy programmoy DiskDupe.
*.def
Opisaniya shriftov TEX bez nachertaniy kajdogo simvola.
*.dir
Fayl-direktoriya redaktora MicroMir ili NanoMir.
*.diz
Fayl s kratkim opisaniem produkta ili soderjimogo diska/arxiva,
obыchno dlya samopalnыx ili poxakannыx piratami produktov.
*.dll
Dynamic Linked Library. V sisteme Windows dinamicheski
prisoedinyaemaya biblioteka.
*.doc
Dokument redaktora Microsoft Word dlya Windows.
*.dot
SHablon dokumenta redaktora Microsoft Word dlya Windows.
*.dp
Digital Paper. Analog .PDF firmы Common Ground Software.
*.evy
Envoy. Analog .PDF firmы Novell.
*.exe
Ispolnyaemыy binarnыy fayl.
*.f
V Unix isxodnыy tekst programmы na yazыke ForTran.
*.fd
Opisaniya shriftov TEX bez nachertaniy kajdogo simvola.
*.fon
SHrift.
*.for
Isxodnыy tekst programmы na yazыke ForTran.
*.fot
SHrift.
*.f
Papka s pismami pochtovoy sistemы Waffle dlya MS-DOS.
*.gif
Graphics Interchange Format. Rastrovыy graficheskiy format firmы
CompuServe.
*.gz
Arxiv, sozdannыy programmoy gzip (Unix) i raspakovыvaemыy gunzip
ili gzip.
*.h
V yazыke C header-fayl, soderjaщiy opisaniya zagolovkov protsedur.
*.hqx
Fayl programmы BinHex (Macintosh). Prednaznachen dlya peredachi
bez iskajeniy binarnыx faylov cherez Internet.
*.htm,
*.html
Tekst napisannыy na Hyper Text Markup Language. Soderjit komandы
(tags) v uglovыx skobkax (), ostalnoe interpretiruetsya kak
tekst. Podrobnee o HTML
*.ice
Arxiv programmы ice.
*.iff
Format xraneniya zvuka, razrabotannыy dlya kompyuterov Amiga.
*.ini
Fayl s ustanovkami kakoy-libo programmы.
*.jfif,
*.jpeg,
*.jpg
Rastrovыy graficheskiy format JPEG, pozvolyayuщiy soxranyat kartinku
s poterey informatsii bez suщestvennoy poteri kachestva.
*.l3
MPEG-1: zvuk tolko Layer-3.
*.latex,
*.ltx
Odno iz rasshireniy TEX.
*.lha,
*.lzh
Arxiv programmы lzh.
*.lib
Biblioteka protsedur.
*.m1s
MPEG-1: sistemnыy potok.
*.m2a
MPEG-2: tolko zvuk.
*.m2s
MPEG-2: sistemnыy potok.
*.m2v
MPEG-2: tolko video.
*.man
Fayl v formate TROFF (Typesetting Run OFF).
*.me
Fayl redaktora MultiEdit.
*.me
Rasshirenie fayla read.me.
*.mf
MetaFont. Programma, predstavlyayuщaya shrift dlya TEX v vide
matrichnыx i rastrovыx kombinatsiy.
*.mia
MPEG-1: tolko zvuk.
*.mid
MIDI. Zvukovoy fayl.
*.mim
Fayl redaktora MicroMir.
*.miv
MPEG-1: tolko video.
*.mod
Format xraneniya zvuka.
*.mov,
*.Moov
Format xraneniya video i audio.
*.mpg
MPEG. Format xraneniya video i zvuka s kompressiey i poterey dannыx.
*.mps
MPEG-1.
*.nfo
Kratkoe opisanie togo, chto naxoditsya v direktorii ili na diske.
*.o
V Unix otkompilirovannыy, no ne sobrannыy dlya vыpolneniya kod
programm.
*.obj
Otkompilirovannыy, no ne sobrannыy dlya vыpolneniya kod programm.
*.ovl
OVerLay. Dinamicheski podgrujaemыy modul programmы.
*.p
V Unix isxodnыy tekst programmы na yazыke Pascal.
*.pas
Isxodnыy tekst programmы na yazыke Pascal.
*.pbm
Portable BitMap Prostoy format xraneniya cherno-belыx kartinok.
*.pcx
Rastrovыy
graficheskiy
format,
podderjivaemыy
bolshinstvom
redaktorov.
*.pdf
Portable Document Format.
*.pfm
PostScript Font Metrics. Metriki simvolov v shrifte PostScript.
*.pgm
Portable GrayMap. Prostoy format xraneniya polutonovыx kartinok.
*.pict
Format xraneniya graficheskix izobrajeniy v bufere obmena na
kompyuterax Macintosh.
*.pif
Fayl, opisыvayuщiy parametrы zapuska DOS-zadachi pod Windows.
*.pk
Rastrovыy shrift dlya TEX.
*.pl
Perl tilidagi fayl.
*.pl
Opisaniya shriftov TEX bez nachertaniy kajdogo simvola.
*.pnm
*.pbm, *.pgm va *.ppm fayllarni birlashtiruvchi rasmlarni shaqlashning
sodda formati.
*.pop
V Unix vremennыy fayl POP3-servera v toy je direktorii, chto i
pochtovыe yaщiki polzovateley.
*.ppd
PostScript Printer Description. Chop qiluvchi dastur uchun printer tavsifi
*.ps
*.ppm
Portable PixelMap. Prostoy format xraneniya svetnыx kartinok.
*.ppt
Prezentatsiya, sozdannaya v programme Microsoft PowerPoint.
*.ps
Vektornыy graficheskiy format PostScript.
*.rar
Arxiv programmы rar. V Windows 95/NT fayl s opisaniem resursov
programmы.
*.rpm
RedHat Packing Manager. Format xraneniya distributivov v RedHat
Linux.
*.rtf
Rich Text Format.
*.sea
stuff (Macintosh) dastur arxivi.
*.sfx
Samoraspakovыvayuщiysya arxiv. V MS-DOS ego neobxodimo
pereimenovat v
*.exe.
*.sgm,
*.sgml
Standard Generalized Markup Language. YAzыk razmetki, ispolzuemыy
dlya upravleniya bolshimi podborkami dokumentov. CHastnыm
sluchaem SGML yavlyaetsya HTML.
*.sh
shell tilda ishga tushiriluvchi paket fayl.
*.so
Dinamik qo‟shiluvchi biblioteka.
*.snd
Tovush fayli.
*.spl
Future Splash Player.
*.sty
Opisaniya klassov dokumentov i makroopredeleniy TEX.
*.swf
ShockWare Flash.
*.swp
Fayl podkachki.
*.sys
Faylы yadra DOS IO.sys i MSDOS.sys.
*.tar
Arxiv programmы tar (Unix) bez kompressii.
*.taz
Analog *.tar.gz v DOS i drugix sistemax, ispolzuyuщix tri bukvы v
rasshirenii fayla.
*.tfm
Opisaniya shriftov TEX bez nachertaniy kajdogo simvola.
*.tgz
Ekvivalentno .tar.gz; sozdaetsya tar s klyuchem -z.
*.tif,
*.tiff
Tagged Image File Format, rastrovыy graficheskiy format.
*.ttf
TrueType Font.
*.uc,
*.uc2
UC (UltraCompressir) dasturlar arxivi.
end
Fayl, sozdannыy programmoy uuencode i raskrыvaemыy programmoy
uudecode.
*.vp,
*.vpl
TEX uchun virtual shriftlar fayllari.
*.vrml
Virtual Reality Modeling Language.
*.xx,
*.xxe
xxencode dastur bilan yaratilgan va xxdecode dastur bilan ochiluvchi
fayl.
*.Z
compress dastur arxivi.
*.z
pack dastur arxivi.
*.zip
pkzip ili WinZip dastur arxivi.
*.zoo
zoo dastur arxivi.
Nazorat savollari
1. Internet tarmog‟i nima? WWW ni sharxlang.
2. Internet tarmog‟ining asosiy tushunchalarini ayting.
3. Internet tarmog‟ining tarkibiy qismlarini sanab bering.
4. Tijorat tarmoqlarini bilasizmi? Protokolni tushuntiring.
5. Banklararo tarmoqlardan ayting.
6. Axborot xavfsizligi nima?
7. Axborot xavfsizligini ta‟minlash qoidalari qanday?
Adabiyotlar:
1.
Shafrin YU. Osnovi kompyuternoy texnologii. Spavochnik shkolnika.
M,1998, 560ts
2.
Figurnov V.E IBM RS dilya polzovatelya .M, Finants i statistika, 1990
3.
Sipmson K. Effektivnaya rabota v Windows-95 sank-Peterburg,1997, 787 ts
4.
Rahmonqulova S. I IBM RS kompyuterida ishlash_Toshkent, sharq, 1996.
5.
BryabinV.M Programmnoe obespechenei VM. M, Nauka, 1988.
6.
Ortiqov A. IBM RS kompyuteridan foydalanish. Toshkent, Qomus, 1992.
7.
Vvedenie v Mikrosoft Windows-95. Moskva,1995
8.
Aripov M. Internet va elektron pochta asoslari. T., Universitet, 2000.
9.
Faysman A. Professeonalnoe programmirobaniya na yazike Paskal- M;
Nauka, 1989 g.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |