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Oap3aHgiHK
xH3MaTH
KaTTaiapra xypMaT
KoH^yHHfiHHUHK IX acpga GyggH3M, XI acpga gaocu3M ycTHgaH Tyia raiaGa Ko3oHgu13.
Chhtoh3m (cuHTo-xygoiap Hyin) ilnoHiap 3tTHKog KHiaguraH mhuhH gHHgup. By guH TatnHMoTHra Kypa, Ba^oT 3TraH xap Gup ogaM KaMHra (Gapna pyx Ba xygoiapHHHr yMyMHfi homh) afiiaHagH. X,ap Gup anoHHHHr yfiuga oniaBufi MexpoG GyinG, yHgaru KHHrHHa mKa^nara Ba^oT 3TraH onia at3onapHHHHr HoMiapu e3HiraH TaxTana KyHuG GopuiagH.
Chhtoh3m MapocHMiapHHHHr GaKcapHnHHiH Kcyga ocoh Ba coggaiurH GuiaH aKpainG Typagu. ^yHoHHH Gup gyo cy3iapHHH yKHin Ba rypyn, caG3aBoT, GaiHK, KaGuiapHH KypGoHiHK KHUHingaH uGopaT, xaioc. By gHHHHHr axioKHfi TaMofiuin xaM Kcyga oggufi. YHgaru 3Hr MyxuM axioKHfi Gypn- HMnepaTopra cy3cu3 HToaT
3tmokihk. HMnepaTop capofiu Ba yHHHr KaGpiapu MyKaggac koh caHaiagH. CuHTOH3Mgaru acocufi xygoiap AMaT3pacy (Kyem xygocu), CycaHO-BO (GypoH xygocu), HHapu (rypyniu ogaM gexKOHHHiuK xomhhch) iapgup. By guH TatiuMOTH "Kot3hkh" (KaguMru MaHtGaiap) KHToGuga GaeH 3THiraH.
1886 HHigaH to XX acpHHHr 40-fiHnnapHraHa Chhtoh3m ^InoHuaHHHr gaBiai guHH 3gu. HaTHKaga guHHHHr CTpyKTypacu xaM y3rapa Gomiagu, uioxufi pyxiap ypHura HMnepaTop maxcu yiymaHgu. CuHTOH3Mga MHnnHfi uGogaixoHaiap KyniaG Kypuigu. XXI acpHHHr oxupiapura KeiuG MoxuaTHHu HyKOTa GomiaraH. Chhtoh3m 1945 Huiga gaBiaigaH aKpaiuG TamiaHgu. Xo3upru nafiTga Chhtoh3m Tapa^gopiapu yHHaiHK Kyn 3Mac, aMMO yHH 3aMOHra MOCiamTupumra ypuHumiap gaBOM 3TMOKga. ByggaBHfinHK-3Hr KaguMuH KaxoH guHH, 3paMH3gaH aBBairu VI-V acpiapga(GyHgaH 2500 Hui aBBai) XuHgucTOHga K>3ara KeiraH. By KaxoH gHHHHHHrHoMH yHHHr acocHHcH Bygga HoMHgaH oiHHraH. ByggaBHiiHK gHHHra 3tTHKog KHiyBHuiap 86 MaMiaKaiga, acocaH XuHgucTOH, IIIpH-JIaHKa, HHgoHe3ua, TuGeT, Henai, ByiaH, Xhtoh, CuHranyp, Ma^H^na, MoHroiua, Kopea, BberaaM, ^LnoHua, KaMGogKa, BupMa, TaHiaHg, JJaocga Ba KHCMaH EBpona Ba AMepuKa KHTtaiapuga, PoccuaHHHr muMOiufi MUHTaKaiapuga-BypaTHa, KaiMUKHCTOHga HCTHKOMaT KHiumagu.
3apgymTHfinHK guHH. 3apgymTHfinHK TatiuMOTH MapKa3ufi Ocuega uGTHgoufi gaBpga MaBKyg GyiraH TaGuaT KyHiapuHH HnoxHfinamTHpyBHH 3tTHKogiapra (MapKa3ufi Ocue KaguMru axoiucuHUHr «3Ckh guHH»ra) mncGaiaH MOHOTeuTCHK TatiHMOTgup. y Gexyga koh TyKyBHH KypGoHnHKnap, xapGufi TyKHamyBiap, Gockhhhhihk ypymiapuHH KopaiaG, yipoK, ocofiumia xaeT KeHupumra, MexHaira, gexKOHHHiuK, HopBaHHiuK GuiaH myFyiiaHumra gatBai 3Tagu. MogguH xaeTHH axmuiamra ypuHumHH eBy3iHKKa Kapmu Kypam geG xHCoGiafigH. 3apgyIHTHfinHK guHuga KypuK ep ohhG, yHH GoFy poFra afiiaHTupraH ogaM HioxueT paxMaiura yHpafigu. AKCHHHa, GoFiap, 3KHH3opiapHH, cyFopum HHmooTiapHHH Gy3raHiap Kaiia ryHoxra KOiaguiap.
3apgymT HHCOHiapra THHH-TOTyB amamHH, xaioi MexHaT khiuhhu ypraiMOKHH Gyiagu. ByHra Kypa HHCOHHHHr Gy gyHegaru xaexura apama Hapuru gyHegaru TaKgupu xaM GyiaKaK, xap Gup hhcoh yiraHgaH cyHr y3HHHHr Gy gyHegaru KHiMumura apama aGagufi poxai - KaHHaira, eKH eMOH umiapu Kyn Gyica Ha xypcaHgiHK Ba Ha xa^aiHK KypMafigHraH apocaT koh - MHCBOHraiyra Tymagu. 3apgymTHfinHK Heru3uga oiaMHHHr KapaMa-KapmHnHKnap Kypamu acocura KypuiraHH Typagu: axmuiuK Ba eMOHiHK, epyFiHK Ba KopoHFyiHK, xaeT Ba yiHM ypiacuga aGagufi Kypam gaBOM 3Tagu. BapHa axmHnHKnapHH Axypa-Ma3ga Ba GapHa eMOHnHKnapHH AHxpaMafiHro (eKH AxpuMaH) H(|)oganafigH. Axypa-Ma3ga HHCOHiapra 33ry umiapHH GaeH 3thG yiapra aMai khiuhhu Gyropagu, eMOH umiapgaH caKiaHumra HaKupagu.
3apgymTHfinHKga
hmoh yHTa Hapcara
acocjaHagH: (HKpjap
co(jHrH, cy3HHHr
co6uraHFH, aMannapHHHr HHCOHHfinHrH. X,ap 6up 3apgymTHfi KyHHra 6em MapTa kbhhh6, noKjaHH6, Kyemra Kapa6, yHH
onKHmna6, chfhhhihh mapT.
3apgymTHfinHK
H6ogaTxoHanapHga goHMHfi paBHmga ojob eHu6 Typagu. Yjapga gyHegaru TypT
yHcyp - cyB, ojoB, ep Ba
xaBo yjyFjaHagH.
3apgymTHfinHK ga(H MapocuMH y3ura xoc 6ynH6, ynraHnap 6up HeHa naTC, 6anaHg «cyKyT MUHopajapH)) - gaxManapra conHHagH, y epga MypgajapHUHr rymTnapHHH Kymjap e6, cyaKjapuHH TO3anafigH. ryiHTgaH TO3anaHraH cyaKjap Maxcyc conoj HgHmjapra cojhhh6 MHHopa ypTacugaru KygyKKa cohh6 K6opHnagH. ByHga noKjHK 6HjaH HonoKnHKHHHr 6up-6upHra aKHHnamMacnHrHra spHimmagH. 3apgymTHfinHK gHHH gyHegaru shf KagHMHfi gHHnapgaH 6upu xHCo6naHH6, mhj. aB. XII-XI acpjapga MapKa3Hfi Ocue, O3ap6afiKOH, 3poH Ba Khhhk Ocue xanKnapH yHra stTHKog KHnraHnap. 3poHga CocoHHfijap cyjojacH xyKMpoHjurH gaBpuga yHHHr MyKaggac khto6h ABecTO pyxoHHfijap TOMOHHgaH OF3aKH puBoaTgaH fiHFHnH6, 6hphhhh MapTa khto6 maKjura KenTHpHnraH. AfipHM KHCMjapura, afiHHKca «BugeBgaT» 6ynHMHra y3rapTHpHmnap KHpHTHnH6, KafiTa HmmaHraH. VII acpga YpTa Ocuera hcjom gHHH Kupu6 Keju6, KeHr TapKanryHHra Kagap 3apgymTHfinHK MaxannHfi xanKnapHHH^ acocufi gHHH xHCo6naHraH. ByHH, KyMjagaH, apxeojoruK TagKHKOTjap Hc6oTjafigH.
X,O3HprH KyHga 3apgymTHfinHKKa stTHKog KmyBHH gHHHfi KaMoajap MaBKyg. Yjap XHHgHTCOHHHHr MyM6afi (BoM6efi, FyKapoT HiTaraapHga; 115 mhhf KHiHHra aKHH), noKHCTOH, LQpu JJaHKa, ByKK BpuTaHHa, KaHaga, AKLQ, ABcpajua Ba 3poHHHHr (TexpoHga 19 mhhf KHmugaH opTHK) 6at3H HeKKa BHnoaTnapHga caKjaHH6 KOjraH. 3poH Hcjom Pecny6jHKacHga 3apgymTHfinHK gHHHra stTHKog KHjum KOHyH TOMOHHgaH pyxcaT aram^m MyM6afiga 3apgymTHfinapHHHr MagaHHfi MapKa3H KoMa HOMHgaru HHCHTyT (aojuaT ojh6 6opagu. YHgaH TaiHKapu MyM6afiga xomhH ^xama paHdHruga gyHe 3apgymTHfinapH MagaHHaTH (oHgu Hmja6 Typu6gu. 1960 fiujga 3apgymTHfinapHHHr I yMyMKaxoH KOHrpeccu
TexpoHga yTKa3HngH. KefiHHru KOHrpeccjap BoM6efiga yTKa3HngH.
Xyjoca khjh6 afiTHm MyMKHHKH, 3apgymTHfinHK HHma6 HHKapumHHHr pHBOKnaHHmH, MyjKHfi TeHrcrojHK, CHH((map Ba gaBjaT 6HnaH 6ofjhk aHru
HKTHCOgHfi, HKTHMOHfi-CHeCHfi MyHOCa6aTjapHH aKC STTHpyBHH gHHHfi TatjHMOT
Ba3u(acHHH 6aKapraH. Yhhhf K3ara Kejumuga 3apgymTHHHr xH3Mara KaTTa 6ynraH Ba gHHHfi TatjHMOTuga agojaT, axoK, MactyjuaT, MycTaKHj (HKpra xypMaT, co^jhk Ka6u Kagpuaraap ycTyBopjuru ca6a6ju y KaTTa xygygra efiHnraH, acpjap oma ogaMjap OHruga caKjaHH6 KOjraH. MycTaKHUHK fiHnnapHga Ma3Kyp 6hthkhhhf axaMHaTHra MyHOCu6 6axo 6epHjgH. ABecTOHHHr 2700 fiHnnHrHra 6aFHmja6 xajKapo hjmhH aHKyMaH yTKa3HngH. OMMaBHfi ax6opoT BOCHTajapuga KaTop hjmhH Ba hjmhH OMMa6on MaKonanap Hon STHjgH, TypKyM KypcaTyBjap Ba paguo smHTTHpHmjap TafiepjaHgH.
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