Математика фанини ўҚитишда замонавий ёндашувлар ва инновациялар модули бўйича

2-TAHJIOB MAB3yCH: "TAPHX ^APCJIAPH^A EP^AMHH TAPHX OAHJIAPH MATEPHAJIJIAPH^AH OOH^AJIAHHIII MACAJIAJIAPH"


1-MaB3y: Tapux (paHiiHii y^uTumga gaepjamTupum Macajiajiapu
Peaea:

1. 
   Y3GeKucTOH TapuxHHH aHrHHa gaBpiamTHpum Macaiacu.
   
2. 
   Y3GeKHcTOHHHHr 3Hr aHru TapuxHHH gaBpiamTHpum.
   
3. 
   YMyMHH ypTa TatiHM Tapux gapciHKiapHga gaBpiaiHTHpHiHHHHr y3ura
   

xoc TOMOHiapH.
Tannn udopcuiap: daspnammupum, daspnammupumnuna domnanumu, KfiduMZu dasp, udmudouu cucajvioa my3yMu, anmuK dasp, A.Ac^apos daspnammupum ycycnu, apxeonoaut daspnammupum, ypma acpnap daspu: unit, ypma sa cynaau, Poccun uMYiepuncu sa cosemnap daspu, Mycma^unnut daspu daspnammupunumu.


1.1.Y36eKucToH TapuxuHu HHruna gaepjamTupum Macajiacu.
MatiyMKH, ogaM3og Ba yHHHr KaMHaT Tapuxu Kyga KagHMHH Ba MypaKKaGgHp. Y GHp HeHa K3 MHHr HHjjHKjapHH y3 HHHra ojagH. AHa my Kyn MHHr Hhiihk TapuxHH gaBp HHHga HHcoHHaT y3HHHHr hkkthmohh, HKTucoguH, cuecuH Ba 3THO-MagaHHH puBOKiaHum gapaKKacura Kypa, KaTop TapuxuH gaBp Ba GocKHHiapHH GochG yTgu. ^acTiaG, XX acpHHHr 30 HHiiapHraHa YpTa Ocuega xaiu apxeoiorHK H3iaHHmiap H3ra TymuG, khihhihk KaMHaTH TapuxHHH gaBpiamTHpumga apxeoioruK MaHGaiapgaH (J)oHgaiaHHHi aMaiueTH maKiiaHMaraH nafiTga B.B.BapTOibg YpTa Ocue xaiKiapH TapuxuHH e3Ma MaHGajap acocHga gaBpHH TH3HMHHH HmjaG HHKagH. By xaKga 2007 HHjga Hon 3THiraH aKageMHK A.AcKapoBHHHr "Y3GeK xaiKHHHHr 3THoreHe3H Ba 3thhk
₁₂
Tapuxu" homih yKyB KynaHMaMH3ga TyxTaiuG yTraH . ByHga B.B. BapTOibg gaBpuH TH3HMHga xaKHKHH TapuxuH KKapaeHiap y3 aKcuHH TyiHK Tona oiMaraHH, atHH uGTHgoHH gaBp TapuxHHHHr hkkthmohh Ty3yMHra xoc Kcuxaraap xaTTO, "apaGjap HcTHjocHgaH KeHHHrH GHp HeHa acpjap gaBoMHga xaM myHgaHjHrHHa caKiaHuG KOiaBepraH 3gu", geraH TymyHHaiap TapuxuH xaKHKaTra MyTiaKO 3ug 3KaHjHrH KaHg 3THjgH.
Khihhihk KaMHaTH TapuxHHH gaBpiamTupum Macaiacura GaFHimiaHraH himhh aHKyMaHiapga, afiHHKca, YpTa Ocue xaiKiapH TapuxuHHHr apaGiapraHa GyjraH gaBpHHH epHTHmga e3Ma MaHGajapHHHr eTapjH 3MacjHrH, MHHTaKaga apxeoiorHK TagKHKOTiap KyiaMHHH KeHraHTupum KepaKiuru aioxuga TatKugiaHagu. AKageMHK B.B.CTpyBe KaguMru imapK MaTepHaiiapHra acociaHraH xoiga "YpTa Ocuega MycyiMOHHHiHKKaHa KyigopiHK KKaMuaTH GyiraH", geraH FoaHH KyTapuG HHKagu. Ammo, B.B.CTpyBe FoacuHH YpTa Ocue xaiKiapHHHHr

AcKapoB A. Y3GeK xaiKHHHHr 3THoreHe3H Ba 3thhk Tapuxu. T.: 2007. 15-23 GeTiap.

KaguMru gaBpiapura TyFpu KenMacnHrH Gopacuga afipuM myGxaiap xaM GHigHpHigH⁸.
YpTa Ocue xamyiapH TapuxuHH ypraHumga xaM KcaMuaTHHHr puBOKiaHum TapuxuHH MapKcna-ieHUHna KOHnennua acocuga 5 Ta uKTHMOHfi-uKTHCogufi (JjopManHaiapra GyiuG TagKHK 3thih (aHga xyKMpoH GyiuG Keigu. MuHTaKaga oiuG GopuiaeTraH Gapna apxeoioruK H3naHHmnapHHHr himuh fiyHanHHiH MaHa my KOHnennuaHH acociamra KapaTHigu.
YpTa Ocue Ba Ko3Ofhctoh xanKnapHHHHr coBeTiaprana GyiraH Tapuxura GaFumiaHraH himuh ceccuaga (1954 Hui) YpTa Ocue xanKnapH TapuxuHH gaBpiamTHpum Macaiacuga oiuG GopuiraH H3naHHmnapHHHr KTyKiapu Ba KaMHHnnHKnapH Taxiui 3thihG, umiaG HUKHiraH gaBpiamTupum npuHnuniapH acocuga Y3GeKHCTOH TapuxuHHHr Hampiapu apanmgu. IHyHgafi khihG, KumuiuK KaMuaTH TapuxuHH 5 Ta uKTHMOHfi-uKTHCogufi ((opManHaiap (uGTHgoufi KaMoa Ty3yMH, KyigopiuK, (eogairoM, KanHTaiH3M Ba conuairoM) ra GyiuG ypraHum aHtaHara afiiaHgu⁹.
CoGhk CCCP napnaiaHuG, KOMMyHHCTHK Foa Ba conHaiH3M cucTeMacu GapGog GyiraH GyryHru KyHga xaeT Tapuxra, KcaMuaT TapaKKueTHHHHr puBOKiaHum KOHyHuaTiapuHH ypraHumga oGteKTHB, aHHK Ba GupiaMnu MaHGaiap acocuga eHgamumHH TaKO3O 3TMOKga. }KaMHaTHHHr puBOKiaHum KOHyHuaTiapuHH 5 Ta (opManuaiapra GyiuG ypraHumiuK 3HgHiHKga 3aMOH TaiaGura TyFpu KeiMafi KOigu. ^yHKH, YpTa Ocue xan^^u Tapuxu Mucoiuga oiaguraH GyicaK, KyigopiuK Ty3yMH Maxcyc uKTHMOHfi-uKTHCogufi (opManua cu^araga MHHTaKaga KiaccuK Tap3ga K3 GepMaraH. ConuaiHCTHK KcaMuaT 3ca Tapux TaKO3O 3TMaraH xaenHfi Gup yfigupMa GyiuG HHKgu. YpTa Ocue mapouTuga aHa my 5 Ta hkthmohh-HKTHCogufi (opManuaHHHr (aKaT ynTacuruHa (uGTHgoufi KaMoa Ty3yMH, (eogai KcaMuaTH Ba KanuTaiHCTHK umiaG HHKapum MyHOcaGaraapuHHHr gacraaGKH GocKHHiapu) K3 GepraHiuruHH TatKugiam MyMKHH. CoBeT gaBpu KcaMuaTH 3ca gaBiaT MOHonoiucTHK KanHTanH3MH maKinga puBOKiaHgu.
3HgHiHKga, Tapuxra GupiaMnu MaHGaiapHHHr oGteKTHB, xoiucoHa TaxiuiH acocuga eHgamumHH TaiaG 3TMOKga. KefiuHru fiHnnapga TapuxuMH3HHHr Gat3H Gup goi3apG MyaMMOiapuHH aHruna Kapamiap acocuga epuTa GomiaraH GynHmHMH3ra KapaMaH, Y3GeKHCTOH TapuxuHHHr 3Hr KaguMru gaBpiapugaH to xo3upru KyHHMH3ra Kagap GyiraH KcapaeHHHH gaBpiamTupum Macaiacu xo3uprana y3HHHHr TyiHK himuh enuMUHH Tona oiraHH HyK. TyFpu, Gat3aH himuh aHKyMaHiapga, oiuMiap opacugaru y3apo Gaxc Ba cyxGaraapga TapuxHH gaBpiamTHpum Macaiacuga nuBHiroanuoH MeTogHH Kyiiam MaKcagra
MyBOcjmKgup, geraH Foaiap oiFa cypuiMOKga. Ammo, Gy Macaiaga xaM xaiu aHHK Gup TyxTaMra KeiHHraHH HyK.
ABBaiOM Gop, Y3GeKucTOH Tapuxu KaxoH TapuxHHHHr TapKuGuH KucMHgup. By 3aMHHga k>3 GepraH TapuxuH KapaeHiapHH KaxoH TapuxugaH aKcparaG ypraHHim MyMKHH 3Mac. Yiap ypTacugaru y3apo Gofihkihk KaMHaT TapaKKueT KOHyHHaTiapuHHHr Maxcyiugup. X,ap Gup xaiK ep KyppacHHHHr KaHcu MHHTaKacuga amaMacuH, TapaKKueTHHHr GapHa GocKHHiapuHH y eKH Gy gapaKaga GochG yTHHH imapT. Ammo, KaMHaT puBOKiaHumu xaMMa epga Gup TeKucga KeHMaHgu. )KaMHaTHHHr HOTeKuc puBOKiaHHm KOHyHHaTH 3ca KaguMru 3aMOHiapga KynpoK MHHTaKaHHHr TaGuuH-reorpa^HK Ba 3KOioruK HMKOHHaTiapura Gofihk GyiraH. MacaiaH, KaguMru LQapuHH oiaHiHK. By 3aMHHga khihhihk HHBHiH3aHHacu GomKa MHHTaKaiapra HucGaTaH aHHa oiguH puBOKiaHraH. By epga MHHTaKaHHHr TaGuHH-reorpa^HK mapoHTH Ba yHHHr 3KOioruK HMKOHHaTiapu KaMHaT TapaKKueTHHHHr MagaHHH-xyKcaiHK Ba uKTHMOHH-cHecHH puBOKiaHHm HyiiapHHH GeiruiaG Gepgu, atHH KaguMru LQapK puBOKiaHumHUHr "OcueHa umiaG HHKapum ycyiu"gaH ycuG HHKKaH KyigopiHK maKiugaH Gopgu. ^eMaK, HHcoHHaT TapuxHHHHr xap Gup gaBp Ba GocKHHiapuHH Ma3MyH Ba MoxuaTH yHHHr HKTHMOHH-HKTHcogHH HiHiaG HHKapuiH xapaKTepugaH KeiuG HHKagu. Ammo, CoBeT gaBpu MacJ)KypacH, ryeKH aHa my npuHHungaH KeiuG hhkhG, coGhk CoBeT gaBpu TapuxmyHociHruga YpTa Ocuega xaM KyigopiHK HKTHMOHH-HKTHcogHH ^OMaHuacu GyiraH 3gu, geraH Kapam acocuga YpTa Ocue xaiKiapH TapuxuHH gaBpiamTupgu. BupoK, YpTa Ocue K,agHMru LQapK HHBHiH3aHHacHHHHr TapKuGuH Khcmh GyiHiHHra KapaMaH, Gy epga KaguMru LQapKHHHr Mucp Ba MeconoTaMHa gaBiaTiapugarHgeK KyiHHiHK phbok TonMaraH. ^yHKH YpTa Ocue mapoHTHga gacTiaGKH chhcJmh KaMuaTHHHr maKiiaHHm apa^acuga KaMuaTHHHr acocuH xapaKaTiaHTupyBHH KyHiapu 3pKHH gexKOH KcaMoaiapu - KamoBap3iap, O3og maxap xyHapMaHgiapH-o3ogKopiap Ba caBgo-coTHK KcaMoaiapu - ryBaKopiapgaH uGopaT 3gu. By OHa 3aMHHHMH3ga KyiHHiHK naTpuapxai ouia KyiHuiurH xapaKTepuga 3gu. LQyHHHr yHyH KaMHaT xaeTHga K3 GepraH TyG hkkthmohh -HKTucoguH y3rapHmiap, YpTa Ocue TapuxHHHHr puBOKiaHHm gapaKacu Ba aHa my MHHTaKa TapuxH TaKO3O 3TraH xoiaTgaH KeiuG hhkhG, YpTa Ocue, KKyMiagaH, Y3GeKucTOH TapuxHHH gaBpiamTupum MyMKHH. Y xoiga, Y3GeKucTOH TapuxHHH gaBpiamTHpumga KyHugaru yH omhi TaKiHcJ) 3THiaeTraH aHru gaBpuH TH3HMHHHr acocHHH TamKHj 3THmga 3Hr MyxHM oMHj GyjagH, geG yHjaHMaH. ByHHHr yHyH KaMuaTga K3 GepaguraH TyG y3rapHmiap xucoGra oiHHraH xoiga, GupuHHugaH, xap Gup yiKaH TapuxuH gaBpga KaMHaT HKTucoguH acocHHH xapaKaraaHTHpyBHH KyHiapu KHMiap 3gu? HKKHHHHgaH, KKaMuaTga MyiKKa 3raiHK KHiumiuKHUHr xapaKTepu KaHgaH GyiraH? YHHHHHgaH, KKaMuaT hkkthmohh xaeTHHHHr MatHaBHH acocuHH KaHgaH Ma(J)Kypa TaiHKHi 3TraH? geraH caBOiiap KyHHiHG, khihhihk
KcaMHaTH TapuxH gaBpiamTHpHiumH KepaK, geraH (j)HKpgaMH3.
AHa my yH OMHira TaaHraH xoiga, YpTa Ocue Tapuxu gaBpiamTHpuica, yHHHr Kparu, aKcpaiMac TapKuGuH khcmh xucoGiaHraH Y3GeKucTOH TapuxHHH KyHugaru xpoHOioruK gaBpuH TH3HMga Kypum MyMKHH:
I. Y3GeKucTOHga "HGTugouH Tyga gaBpu". By gaBpHHHr gaBpuH Herapacu ogaM3ogHHHr OepraHTpon-HeaHgepTai aKcgogiapu amaraH gaBpu GuiaH GeiruiaHagH (mhi. aBB. I mhiihoh - 40 MHHr HHiiHKiap)¹⁰. Ammo, coBeT gaBpu TapuxmyHociHruga ogaM3ogHHHr nafigo GyiumugaH gacTiaGKH chh(hh KaMHaT TapKuG TonryHHra Kagap yTraH gaBp «HGTHgoHH KaMoa Ty3yMH» homh GuiaH kphthihG KeiHHgu. Aciuga, ogaM3og Kyiura Tom Kypoiu oihG, Ghphhhh Gop MexHaT KHia GomiaraHugaH to gacTiaGKH ypyF KcaMoaiapu GyiuG TapKuG TonraHura Kagap «HGTHgouH Tyga» gaBpuHH GomugaH KeHupgu. ¹¹ By gaBp ogaM3ogHHHr y3HHH maKjjaHHm GocKHHH GyjHG, Gy gaBpga ogaM3ogHHHr aKgogiapu - 3uHKaHTpon, nuTeKampon, CuHampon Ba HeaHgepTaiiap TaGHaTgaH y3 pH3KH - py3HHH TepMaHHjHK Ba HHpHK xaHBoHjapHH oB KHjHm HyjH GuiaH TonraH yiKacu xucoGura amaraHiap. Yiap gacTiaG, mhiihoh HHiiap gaBoMHga HccHK HKjHM mapoHTHga gaHgH xaeT Tap3HHH GomHgaH KeHHpraHjap (3uHKaHTpon, nuieKaHTpon, CuHampon, OepraHTponiap 3aMOHu). KaHOHKHM, ep Kyppacu cobhh GomiaG, GyKK My3iHKiap GomiaHraH Ke3iapga Fopiapga amamra, yiapHH 3raiiaG oiraH Hhptkhh xafiBOHiap GuiaH KypamuG, coByKgaH kkoh caKiamra MaKcGyp GyiraHiap (reHgeiGepr, HeaHgepTaiiap 3aMOHu).
Khihhihk TapuxHHHHr «HGTHgouH Tyga gaBpu» apxeoioruK gaBpiamTupumga KaguMru Tom (naieoiHT) gaBpuHHHr oigyBaH, meii, ameib Ba MycTbe GocKHHjapHra TyFpH KejagH. By gaBpga MyjKHHjHKHHHr xeH GHp maKjH GyiMaraH. OgaM3og y3HHHHr hik uGTHgouH xoiaragaH tom MatHogaru ogaM xoiaTHra yTHm, (hkpiobhh ogaM GyiuG maKiiaHHm KapaeHHHH GomugaH KeHHpraH.
TomgaH MexHaT Kypoiiapu acaim Ba yiap epgaMuga hkkthmohh MexHaT Khihihh GuiaH GomKa KOH3ogiapgaH TyGgaH (apK KHiraH. YiapHHHr Ma^KypaBuH gyHecu TapraGcro «hhkox» HopMaiapu acocuga KypuiraH 3gu. By gaBp
17

¹⁷ Bophcobckhh n.H. flpeBHeHmee npomioe HeiOBeHecTBa. MocKBa, 1980, cip. 19-173; nepimm A.H., MoHrafiT
A.JL, AieKceeB B.n. HcTopua nepBoGbiTHoro oGmeciBa. MocKBa, 1982, cip. 60-60.

ogaMiapuga xaiu KKaMoa GyiuG amam KyHUKMaiapu maKiiaHMaraH 3gu .