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Tilshunoslikdagi zamonaviy yo
‘
nalishlar: muammo va yechimlar
128
kind of formulation of the question presupposes the solution of the following specific
tasks:
1)
ways and mechanisms of the structural and semantic organization of
composite sentence in general;
2)
possible types of syntactic connections between the components of
composite sentence;
3)
possible ways of actualization of the syntactic connection between the
components of the composite sentence;
4)
possible types of linking means by which syntactic communication is
carried out;
5)
possible types and subtypes of the composite sentence due to the
combinatorial abilities of the simple sentences included in it and the taxis relations
between the latter.
Seventh, such no less important issues of composite sentence as:
1)
structural, semantic and functional isomorphism / allomorphism, require
clarification and additions of:
a)
composite sentence and a simple sentence;
b)
compound and complex sentences;
2)
the status of communication facilities in composite sentence /in
compound and complex sentences, as well as in its other types/;
3)
structure and semantics of means of clause linkage;
4)
notions and terms "main clause" and "subordinate clause";
5)
structural and semantic classification of composite sentence, etc.
Eighth, the statement of such an unconventional question as the question of
establishing and describing active syntactic processes occurring in the structural-
semantic organization of composite sentence, which represent in languages, on the
one hand, universal, on the other hand, special, unique properties, deserves special
attention of the units under consideration, which requires concretization of the
question of the validity of such concepts as "openness / closedness", "one-
memberness / two -memberness or of the structure of composite sentence, as well as
the concept of "reversibility / irreversibility" of the components of the composite
sentence
Ninthly, in our opinion, it is also necessary to establish the main relevant
features-coordinates of the composite sentence associated with its multifaceted
nature, i. e. which means the estaliblishment of such clear signs-coordinates, by the
help of which it would be possible to study the composite sentence of a concrete
language, and of different languages in comparison. As for the general and
typological syntax of the composite sentence of languages of various systems, the
primary task here is the unification of the conceptual and terminological apparatus
Tilshunoslikdagi zamonaviy yo
‘
nalishlar: muammo va yechimlar
129
of the composite sentence and the development of principles and methods of (which,
by the way, are still absent) of typological comparison of the composite sentence
based on the most reliable, typologically relevant features of the coordinates. All this
would ensure a systematic typological analysis of the composite sentence of various
languages resulting in, as far as possible, in revealing linguistic universals and
elaborating typological classification of languages according to the composite
sentence system based on purely syntactic features, one way or another correlated
with the morphological characteristics of the typologized languages.
In this regard, the question of the well-known asymmetric dualism of
composite sentence /synonymy and homonymy/ in different languages is also of no
less interest, since in this case, it turns out, there are many interesting regularities of
both a universal and a particular character.
Here, perhaps, is not a complete list of the most actual problems that, from our
point of view, are subject to research from the point of view of both the general and
the typological syntax of the composite sentence.
Thus, familiarization with the special literature on the raised problem allows
us to conclude that, along with the undoubted success of the numerous studies on
composite sentence, both in terms of individual languages, and in the comparative /
contrastive, characterological and typological / planes in which the description of
composite sentence is given of, one way or another, either for each specific language,
or for some selected languages for research separately, the urgent need for a
generalizing comparative-typological study of composite sentence on the materials
of languages of different systems is revealed.
As is seen from the above described, polycomponential composite sentences
in language is of great importance both from the point of view of their structural
semantic
organization
and
linfguocognitive,
as
well
as
from
their
linguoculturological features.
Notwithstanding the fact that polycomponential composite sentences have
more or less been investigated in special literature, problems of its definition,
linguocognitive featues and functions in communication still remain unsolved
(Admoni, 1982:46-53, Birenbaum, 1982:52-58, Gavrilova, 1981:26, Gamidov,
1977:18). Below we will make an attempt to work out the definition of
polycomponential composite sentences and establish their structural-semantic types
and reveal their communicative functions in speech.
Thus, a polycomponential composite sentence (PCS) is a composite sentence
consisting of at least three clauses (components), each of which has a grammatically
formulated subject and predicate structure, the clauses being either collocated or
coordinated or subordinated for the sake of realizing the communicative –pragmatic
intention of speaker /writer. For example:
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