Маъсул муҳаррир: Филология фанлари доктори, профессор: Г. Х. Боқиева Тақризчилар

Discussion questions
1. Phonetic structure of Old English.
2. The Vowels in Old English.
3. The Consonants in Old English.
4. Phonetic processes in the sphere of Old English Vowels and Consonants.
5. Growth of Sibilants and Affricates.


Reference

1. 
   Don Ringe. From Proto –Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, Oxford University Press, 2006, 366 p.
   
2. 
   Hogg R. Introduction to Old English. Edinburgh University Press, 2002, 174 p.
   
3. 
   Kuldashev A.M. An Introduction to Germanic Philology. Tashkent, Шарқ Нашр Матбаа акционерлик жамияти. 2010, 154 p.
   
4. 
   Kuldashev A.M. Formation and Development of the Global language. – Tashkent, Turon Iqbol, 2016. 118 p.
   
5. 
   The Cambridge History of the English language. Vol. I. Cambridge University Press, 2005, 613 p.
   
6. 
   Қўлдашев А.М., Хамзаев С.А. Инглиз тили тарихи. Т. Darssprint нашр, 2015. 192 бет.
   

Chapter XIX. OLD ENGLISH PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY. DIACHRONIC CHANGES IN THE SYSTEM OF VOWELS in OLD ENGLISH PERIOD
Key questions
1. The Norman conquest and its influence on the linguistic situation in England.
2. Middle English Dialects.
3. Middle English Phonetics.
4. Changes in the sphere of Grammar.
5. Spelling changes in Middle English.

OE is so far removed from Mod English that one may take it for an entirely different language; this is largely due to the peculiarities of its pronunciation.

The survey of OE phonetics deals with word accentuation, the system of vowels and consonants and their origins. The OE sound system developed from the PG system. It underwent multiple changes in the pre-written periods of history, especially in Early OE. The diachronic description of phonetics those early periods will show the specifically English tendencies of development and the immediate sources of the sounds in the age of writing.
Word Stress
The system of word accentuation inherited from PG underwent no changes in Early OE.
In OE a syllable was made prominent by an increase in the force of articulation; in other words, a dynamic or a force stress was employed. In disyllabic and polysyllabic words the accent fell on the root-morpheme or on the first syllable. Word stress was fixed; it remained on the same syllable in different grammatical forms of the words, and, as a rule, did not shift in word-building either. For example, the Nom. hlāford, cyning, Dat. hlāforde, cyninge.
Polysyllabic words, especially compounds, may have had 2 stresses, chief and secondary, the chief stress being fixed on the first root-morpheme, and the secondary stress on the second. For example, Norðmonna, here the chief stress falls on the first component, while the second component gets the secondary stress; the Gen. plural ending – a is unstressed.
In words with prefixes the position of the stress varied: verb prefixes were unaccented, while in nouns and adjectives the stress was commonly fixed on the prefix: ā-` risan, `mis-dæd