Masharipov jahongir axmedovich conceptual analysis of the components of metaphor with the elements of mentality in english and uzbek

Conclusions to Chapter one 
In this chapter we discussed the theoretical background of metaphor in 
English and Uzbek investigated by several linguists and scholars. We glanced at 
types of metaphor according to its several categories and provided them with 
relevant examples. Furthermore, in this chapter we discussed the notions like 
‘concept’ and ‘conceptual analysis’, as in the next chapters we’ll do conceptual 
analysis of metaphors with mentality components. 

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CHAPTER TWO. CONTRIBUTION OF MENTALITY WHILE FORMING 
METAPHOR
2.1.
 
Universality and discrepancy of metaphors with the elements of 
mentality
Are there any conceptual metaphors that can be found in all languages and 
cultures? This is an extremely difficult question to answer, considering that there 
are more than 4,000 languages spoken currently around the world. The best bet to 
begin to understand this issue is to look at some conceptual metaphors that one can 
find in some language and then check whether the same metaphors exist in 
typologically very different languages. If they do occur, it can be set up a 
hypothesis that they may be universal. With this research, Kovecses says, they can 
then verify or disprove the universality of these metaphors. He made clever 
position and chose several languages to compare. We would like illustrate his 
findings, as they are of vital importance.
The author begins with some metaphors for happiness in English.[21;163] 
BEING HAPPY IS BEING OFF THE GROUND
BEING HAPPY IS BEING IN HEAVEN
HAPPY IS UP
HAPPINESS IS LIGHT
HAPPINESS IS VITALITY
HAPPINESS IS A FLUID IN A CONTAINER
HAPPINESS IS A CAPTIVE ANIMAL
HAPPINESS IS AN OPPONENT
HAPPINESS IS A RAPTURE
A HAPPY PERSON IS AN ANIMAL (THAT LIVES WELL)
HAPPINESS IS A PLEASURABLE PHYSICAL SENSATION
HAPPINESS IS INSANITY
HAPPINESS IS A NATURAL FORCE

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53 
Of these, three are especially important for conceptualizing happiness in 
English: the metaphors that employ the concepts of up, light, and fluid in a 
container. In a study, the Chinese linguist Ning Yu checked whether these 
metaphors also exist in the conceptualization of happiness in Chinese. He found 
that they all do. Here are some examples that he described:
(Ning Yu used the following grammatical abbreviations: PRT = particle;
ASP = aspect marker; MOD = modifier marker; COM = complement 
marker;
CL = classifier; BA = preposition ba in the so-called fotf-sentences.)
HAPPY IS UP
Ta hen gao-xing.
he very high-spirit
He is very high-spirited/happy.
Ta xing congcong de.
he spirit rise-rise PRT
His spirits are rising and rising./He's pleased and excited.
Zhe-xia tiqi le wo-de xingzhi.
this-moment raise ASP my mood
This time it lifted my mood/interest.
HAPPINESS IS LIGHT
Tamen gege xing-gao cai-lie.
they everyone spirit-high color-strong
They're all in high spirits and with a strong glow/They're all in great
delight.
Ta xiao zhu yan kai.
he smile drive color beam
He smiled, which caused his face to beam./He beamed with a smile. 
HAPPINESS IS A FLUID IN A CONTAINER
Ta xin-zhong chongman xiyue.
he heart-inside fill happiness

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54 
His heart is filled with happiness.
Ta zai-ye anna-buzhu xin-zhong de xiyue.
she no-longer press-unable heart-inside MOD happiness
She could no longer contain the joy in her heart.
It appears that the same metaphors also occur in Hungarian:
HAPPY IS UP
Ez a film feldobott.
this the film up-threw-me
This film gave me a high/This film made me happy.
Majd elszall a boldogsagtol.
almost away-flies-he/she the happiness-from
He/she is on cloud nine.
HAPPINESS IS LIGHT
Felderult az area,
up-brightened the face-his/her
His/her face brightened up.
Deriis alkat.
he/she bright personality
He/she has a sunny personality.
HAPPINESS IS A FLUID IN A CONTAINER
Tulcsordult a szi've a boldogsagtol.
over-flow-past the heart-his/her the happiness-from
His heart overflowed with joy.
Nem birtam magamban tartani oromomet.
not could-I myself-in hold joy-my-ACC
I couldn't contain my joy. [21;165] 
(ACC means accusative.) English, Chinese, and Hungarian are three 
typologically completely unrelated languages and represent very different mentalty 
types of the world. The question arises: How is it possible for such different 
languages and the owners of various cognition to conceptualize happiness 

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55 
metaphorically in such similar ways? Three answers to the question suggest 
themselves: (i) it has happened by accident; (2) one language borrowed the 
metaphors from another; and (3) there is some universal motivation for the 
metaphors to emerge in these cultures. Kovecses says he will opt for the third 
possibility, although the other factors cannot be ruled out completely either. 
In the Uzbek language also several conceptual metaphors can correspond to 
those in English. But there are some distinctive points too. For example conceptual 
metaphors like 
BEING HAPPY IS BEING IN HEAVEN
U