for radio was 38 years. TV took just 13 years, and cable TV just 10 years.
Astonishingly, the Internet has done this in only 5 years.
Perhaps the most familiar form is the banner advertisement that sits on
the top 20 per cent of the web page. Clicking this can take the interested
person to either the advertiser’s website, or,
more usefully, a microsite that
expands on the banner. Banner advertisements can appear that relate to the
search topic. The advertiser can buy a relevant search term at a particular
search engine (e.g. GoTo.com).
An Internet advertisement is much more than simply an additional visual
space (i.e. replicating the printed page of the newspaper or magazine).
Advertisers get direct data on how many people view their banner and how
many click through to their homepage or micro-website pages. Advertising
campaigns can be much more flexible and responsive. Advertisers can test
several variants and modify their strategy using daily response data. This is
known as ‘hot-testing’, which is impossible with print-runs that have lead
times of several weeks or days.
Advertising has traditionally been bought on an opportunity-to-see (OTS)
basis (calculated from the print circulation, number of readers per copy,
and number of times the page is viewed). Internet advertisers typically charge
on a ‘pay-per-click-through’ basis. This is real performance data for the
advertisement since it gauges directly how many people respond, whereas
print advertisements can never do this except if there are telephone and
voucher responses. As an alternative to the rate card way of pricing advertising
space, Internet advertising may be priced
on the value of the product
advertised and the degree of interactivity required (i.e. the communication
objectives for the advertisement), rather than per impression – see Box 14.8.
We will examine ways of calculating return on investment in chapter sixteen.
The traditional distinctions between marketing communication activities
and other aspects of corporate communication are becoming blurred by the
adoption of the Internet as a medium for communication. Publicity, public
relations, direct marketing, direct-response advertising, internal marketing,
and personal selling are being mixed together in ways previously unimagined
and unsupported.
An example of proactive Internet advertising is the ValueMad service that
operates in the UK. Registered users receive e-mail messages that describe
special offers on a wide range of products. Inducements to purchase are
mostly exceptionally low prices with links to the supplier’s own website.
Users’ clicking creates databases of e-mail addresses to which further targeted
offers can be made.
At present, it is mostly technology companies
who are advertising on the
Internet (Microsoft, IBM, and Excite led the way in 1997 expenditure). A
survey by CMR/InterMedia showed that the average spend in 1997 was just
0.74 per cent of total consumer advertising spend. On the other hand, online
and Internet service providers spent 28 per cent of their budget online.
Computers and software accounted for 50 per cent of all Internet advertising.
Financial services was second, and telecommunications third. In 1998, P&G
was the only packaged-goods marketer in the Top 50 Internet advertisers (by
spend), placed at number 30.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: