exclusive offer derived from personal knowledge. Some business owners are
actually shunning publicity – they do it because they want to be talked about
for that very reason.
Word-of-mouth recommendation, by a satisfied customer, is one of the
most effective, and cost-effective marketing communication means. Personal
influence arises when people converse about products and providers. People
ask for information from those others whose opinions and experiences they
value and trust. People like to talk about their experiences (but not always
to the advantage of the provider). According to research by Dichter (1966),
involvement is the motivation for this ‘market chatter’. We like to relive things
that were particularly pleasant or unpleasant, and are attracted to prestige
and status which can be acquired through establishing ownership. We can
also attempt to reduce dissonance by seeking reassurance.
We can also feel
good by sharing the benefits of products with others. These are examples of
market exchanges that extend beyond the initial offer made in advertising –
we explained such multi-step communication in chapter seven.
EXHIBITIONS AND TRADE SHOWS
One quite popular venue for consumption conversations is the seminar, trade
show, or exhibition. For many years, manufacturers, distributors, whole-
salers, and retailers have felt the need to spend considerable amounts of
marketing resource on presence at these events in order to ‘meet the buyer’.
Some events are intended for selling, i.e. orders are placed by buyers with
suppliers, while others are purely promotional.
So how cost-effective are such attempts to reach potential customers face
to face? As Bythe (2000)
points out, these
are rather like modern-day
medieval markets. Blythe provides a rather helpful analysis of the problem
of managing exhibitions and trade events.
Our question here is do exhibitors get value for effort in their attempts at
selling, or are visitors merely ‘surfing’? Recent research by Skerlos and Blythe
(2000) shows some considerable and disturbing differences in visitor and
exhibitor purposes. The expectations of visitors to exhibitions and trade
fairs are largely to gather information about products and suppliers and to
discuss technical problems. On the other hand, exhibitors wish to sell, meet
customers, and show new products – a highly sales-oriented purpose (see
Box 9.13). There is a fundamental mismatch of motives of participants that
is costly to exhibitors. Setting clear communication objectives is a must.
For some, this will centre on image-making.
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