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capability to target through credit history profiling is much more limited than in the USA.
Mostly, direct marketers use aggregated data to target segments, but RBS Advanta felt that
postcode classification as used in market segmentation data systems (such as MOSAIC,
ACORN, SUPERPROFILES, etc.) was inadequate for their needs. What was wanted was much
more personal detail to target tightly direct mail. RBS Advanta did something radical – they
asked consumers to answer questions directly about their credit card use, and did not rely
on abstracted market research surveys. The company sponsored two questions on all UK
consumer surveys: ‘Are you considering changing your credit card?’ and ‘Do you pay off
all of your credit balance every month?’. Only those who answered the questions with a ‘yes’
and a ‘no’, respectively, were included in the RBS Advanta database. Elsewhere, people who
buy products and services by mail order were also identified. Regular mailings to bought-
in consumer mailing lists have achieved desired response rates, otherwise lists have been
dropped or modified. List testing is regularly carried out for the purpose of refining targeting.
RBS Advanta have conducted over 700 tests of list data-pack execution combinations in
their customer acquisition programmes.
In 1998, RBS Advanta become a wholly owned integrated part of RBS Cards Division. As
an incentive to switch to an RBS Advanta account, a discounted introductory interest rate was
offered. This has clearly been attractive to those selected to receive the mail offerings. By
summer 1999, RBS Advanta had attracted 1,000,000 customers, entirely through direct mail,
by offering lower-interest rates on outstanding account balances, and was profitable by its
third year and has continued to be so. Currently the product portfolio comprises the Classic,
Gold, and Platinum cards.
In looking back on the success of this communication strategy, Tim Lewis, Marketing
Director, is clear that the key aspects of their successful approach have been pricing policy,
targeting, creative execution (i.e. the building of a strong ‘brand identity’ and responsiveness
through letter and brochure design), and expert analysis. Every mailing that went out
contained a ‘control’ pack and there were at least ten to fifteen ‘test mailings’ run. If a test
mailing beat the control – it would then be ‘step-tested’ and would normally become the
control for the next run. By developing new and different ‘test packs’ – together with list
testing and offer testing – RBS Advanta was able to improve response to its card mailings
by over 100 per cent in two years. The introductory-rate offer launched in 1996 has been
very successful. A survey was conducted to collect prospect names, and this has produced
response rates of three to four times the norm for direct mail. The Platinum Card product
was launched very early in the development of the market.
RBS Advanta have now tested over 300 price/creative combinations live in the market-
place (rather than through market research), and over 6,000 segments of the total consumer
base of the UK. Every mailing list has been measured for direct response rate, and the attrition
rate and economic value-added (calculated as the total income over five years plus the
terminal value of the portfolio of accounts depreciated to net present value, divided by
the number of mail pieces). Regular analyses also examine customer behaviour after joining,
in terms of: value of balance transfer; spending; how much is paid off the balance at the end
of the month; how much left to ‘roll over’; at the end of the ‘introductory’ low-rate period,
how many ‘borrowers’ remain. Competitor mailings are tracked through specialized
agencies whose selected consumer panels collect all the mail packs they receive in a week.
A further aspect that is seen as crucial is product development. Finally, card brand has
been critical. Certainly, many people have responded to a strong, rational, value-for-money
identity. Perhaps what is less certain is the emotional element of the brand. Tim Lewis is not
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